GO - 为什么隐式非指针方法不满足接口? [英] GO - Why implicit non-pointer methods not satisfy interface?

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问题描述


假设我们已经理解了,

对于 X * X 反过来隐式定义了相同的方法,

  func(c Cat)foo(){
// do stuff_
}

并声明,

  func(c * Cat)然后GO编译器提供给foo(){
// do stuff_
}

错误,

 编译错误:重新声明方法

这表明,指针方法是隐式定义的,反之亦然






在下面的代码中,

  package main 

类型X接口{
foo();
bar();


类型结构{

}

func(c Cat)foo(){
// do stuff_
}

func(c * Cat)bar(){
// do stuff_
}

func main(){
var c Cat
var p * Cat
var x X

x = p //确定; * Cat有显式方法bar()和隐式方法foo()
x = c //编译错误:cat有显式方法foo()和隐式方法bar()

}






GO编译器给出错误,

 不能使用c(类型Cat)作为赋值中的类型X:
Cat没有实现X(bar方法有指针接收器)

at x = c ,因为隐式指针方法满足接口,但隐式的非指针方法不会。



问题:

为什么隐式非指针方法不满足接口?

解决方案

让我们看看语言 specification


类型可能有一个方法集与之相关联。接口类型
的方法是它的接口。任何其他
类型T的方法集包含所有使用接收方类型T声明的方法。相应的指针类型* T的
方法集合是所有使用接收方声明的
方法的集合* T或T(即也包含
的方法集合
)。

在你的例子中,接口类型 x 的方法集是 [foo(),bar()] 。类型 Cat 的方法集合是 [foo()] ,类型为 * Cat [foo()] + [bar()] = [foo(),bar()]

这解释了为什么变量 p 满足界面 x ,但变量 c 不会。


Assuming we have an understanding that,

For explicit method definition for type X, GO compiler implicitly defines the same method for type *X and vice versa, if I declare,

func (c Cat) foo(){
  //do stuff_
} 

and declare,

func (c *Cat) foo(){
  // do stuff_
}

then GO compiler gives error,

Compile error: method re-declared

which indicates that, pointer method is implicitly defined and vice versa


In the below code,

package main

type X interface{
  foo();
  bar();
}

type Cat struct{

}

func (c Cat) foo(){
  // do stuff_
}

func (c *Cat) bar(){
  // do stuff_
}

func main() {
  var c Cat
  var p *Cat
  var x X

  x = p // OK; *Cat has explicit method bar() and implicit method foo()
  x = c //compile error: Cat has explicit method foo() and implicit method bar()

}


GO compiler gives error,

cannot use c (type Cat) as type X in assignment:
    Cat does not implement X (bar method has pointer receiver)

at x = c, because, implicit pointer methods satisfy interfaces, but implicit non-pointer methods do not.

Question:

Why implicit non-pointer methods do not satisfy interfaces?

解决方案

Let's look into the language specification:

A type may have a method set associated with it. The method set of an interface type is its interface. The method set of any other type T consists of all methods declared with receiver type T. The method set of the corresponding pointer type *T is the set of all methods declared with receiver *T or T (that is, it also contains the method set of T).

In your example, the method set of the interface type x is [foo(), bar()]. The method set of the type Cat is [foo()], and the method set of the type *Cat is [foo()] + [bar()] = [foo(), bar()].

This explains, why variable p satisfies the interface x, but variable c doesn't.

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