Error方法中由fmt.Sprint(e)产生的无限循环 [英] An infinite loop produced by fmt.Sprint(e) inside the Error method

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问题描述

根据fortyforty对这个问题的回复:


fmt.Sprint(e)会调用 e.Error()将值 e 转换为
字符串。如果 Error()方法调用 fmt.Sprint(e),那么
程序会递归直到out的内存。



您可以通过将 e 转换为一个没有
String Error 方法。

这仍然让我感到困惑。为什么fmt.Sprint(e)调用e.Error()而不是String()?我尝试使用Stringer接口,这是我的代码:

  package main 

import(
fmt
math


类型NegativeSqrt float64

func(e NegativeSqrt)Error()string {
fmt.Printf(。)
return fmt.Sprint(e)
}

func(e NegativeSqrt)String()string {
return fmt.Sprintf (%f,e)
}

func Sqrt(x float64)(float64,error){
if x< 0 {
return 0,NegativeSqrt(x)
}
return math.Sqrt(x),nil
}

func main(){
fmt.Println(Sqrt(2))
fmt.Println(Sqrt(-2))
}


解决方案

看来这是解释直接是fmt包的来源:

  / /这是一个错误还是斯金格? 
//体内的重复是必需的:
//设置处理并且延迟catchPanic
// //在调用方法之前必须发生。

而不是错误()调用了字符串()



这意味着首先 error.Error()被调用来产生字符串,该字符串被再次处理并被打印为字符串。



error 方法 String 在这里是不相关的。问题是为什么 NegativeSqrt 是用一种方法打印的,而不是另一种。键入 NegativeSqrt 实现 fmt.Stringer 错误接口它取决于 fmt 包的实现,应该使用哪个接口从中获取 string NegativeSqrt (自 fmt.Sprint 的参数是由 interface {} )。

为了说明这一点,请考虑这个例子:

 包裹主要

进口(
fmt


类型NegativeSqrt float64

func(e NegativeSqrt)Error()字符串{
返回
}

func(e NegativeSqrt)字符串()string {
return
}

func check(val interface {}){
switch val。(type){
case fmt .Stringer:
fmt.Println(It's stringer)
大小写错误:
fmt.Println(这是错误)
}
}

func check2 (val interface {}){
switch val。(type){
case error:
fmt.Println(It's error)
case fmt.Stringer:
fmt.Println(It's stringer)
}
}

func main(){
var v NegativeSqrt
check(v)
check2(v)
}

执行此操作会得到:

 %go run a.go 
它是一条龙
它错误

这是因为在Go类型开关中的行为与普通开关类似,所以案件顺序问题


According to fortyforty's reply to this question:

fmt.Sprint(e) will call e.Error() to convert the value e to a string. If the Error() method calls fmt.Sprint(e), then the program recurses until out of memory.

You can break the recursion by converting the e to a value without a String or Error method.

This is still confusing to me. Why does fmt.Sprint(e) call e.Error() instead of String()? I tried using the Stringer interface, this is my code:

package main

import (
  "fmt"
  "math"
)

type NegativeSqrt float64

func (e NegativeSqrt) Error() string {
  fmt.Printf(".")
  return fmt.Sprint(e)
}

func (e NegativeSqrt) String() string {
  return fmt.Sprintf("%f", e)
}

func Sqrt(x float64) (float64, error) {
  if x < 0 {
    return 0, NegativeSqrt(x)
  }
  return math.Sqrt(x), nil
}

func main() {
  fmt.Println(Sqrt(2))
  fmt.Println(Sqrt(-2))
}

解决方案

It seems it's explained directly is source of fmt package:

// Is it an error or Stringer?
// The duplication in the bodies is necessary:
// setting handled and deferring catchPanic
// must happen before calling the method.

And than Error() or String() is called.

What it means is that first error.Error() is called to produce string, which is than once again processed and is printed as string.

Whether error has method String is irrelevant here. The question is why NegativeSqrt is printed with one method and not the other. Type NegativeSqrt implements both fmt.Stringer and error interfaces so it's up to the implementation of fmt package which of interfaces should be used to get string from NegativeSqrt (since fmt.Sprint takes its parameters by interface{}).

To illustrate this consider this example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
)

type NegativeSqrt float64

func (e NegativeSqrt) Error() string {
    return ""
}

func (e NegativeSqrt) String() string {
    return ""
}

func check(val interface{}) {
    switch val.(type) {
    case fmt.Stringer:
        fmt.Println("It's stringer")
    case error:
        fmt.Println("It's error")
    }
}

func check2(val interface{}) {
    switch val.(type) {
    case error:
        fmt.Println("It's error")
    case fmt.Stringer:
        fmt.Println("It's stringer")
    }
}

func main() {
    var v NegativeSqrt
    check(v)
    check2(v)
}

Executing this gives:

% go run a.go
It's stringer
It's error

This is because in Go type switch behaves just like normal switch, so order of cases matters.

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