Bash：在另一个文件中找到一个文件的模式，并打印出维护顺序的后者的对应字段 [英] Bash: find patterns of a file in another file and print out a corresponding field of the latter maintaining the order

问题描述

Carissimi

我一直在尝试解决这个问题，并检查了很多帖子（例如grep，awk或sed？在一个文件中打印行匹配模式在另一个文件或这里 awk在另一个字段中搜索文件）没有真正找到我在找什么。我需要bash工具，如sed，grep，awk（无python，R，...）的解决方案。

我有两个文件（比这些文件大得多）：

file1：

  2 891299 0.50923964E-02 1248 4.713 1349.08 
 3 245857 0.57915542E-02 1335 4.671 1369.65 
  

file2：

  278 2645 2334659 0.75142 0.53123 
 279 2643 245857 0.80439 0.56868 
 500 1341 830677 0.74922 0.52958 
 501 1339 882791 0.87685 0.61980 
 502 1337 891299 0.63224 0.44680 
  

在这个例子中我想找到第2列的模式file1在file2的第3列和第1列的后者，file1的所有行并维护file1给出的顺序。

一个可能的解决方案（我知道是不是错误免费）是以下难以接受的慢bash循环：

  for i in'awk'{print $ 2}'file1`;做grep$我file2 | awk'{print $ 1}';完成
  

打印到屏幕：

  502 
 
 279 
  

请注意一个'简单'的解决方案，如：

  awk'NR == FNR {pats [$ 2];下一步} $ 3在拍打'file1 file2 
  

是不合适的，因为打印顺序由file2而不是通过file1（即它打印到屏幕上第一个279和然后502）。

非常感谢您的帮助。

Marco

解决方案

您可以反向文件以在awk中处理并获得正确的输出：

  awk'NR == FNR {pats [$ 3] = $ 1;下一个} $ pat in {print pats [$ 2]}'file2 file1 
 502 
 279 
  

Carissimi,

I've been trying for a while to solve this problem and I checked many posts (for example here grep, awk or sed? Print lines in one file matching patterns in another file or here awk search for a field in another file) without really finding what I am looking for. I need the solution with bash tools like sed, grep, awk (no python, R,...)

I have two files (much bigger than those):

file1:

   2   891299  0.50923964E-02     1248   4.713       1349.08
   3   245857  0.57915542E-02     1335   4.671       1369.65

file2:

   278    2645  2334659  0.75142      0.53123
   279    2643   245857  0.80439      0.56868
   500    1341   830677  0.74922      0.52958
   501    1339   882791  0.87685      0.61980
   502    1337   891299  0.63224      0.44680

In this example I want to find the pattern in column 2 of file1 in column 3 of file2 and print column 1 of the latter, for all the lines of file1 and maintaining the order given by file1.

A possible solution (I am aware is not bug free) is the following unacceptably slow bash loop:

for i in `awk '{print $2}' file1` ; do grep " $i " file2 | awk '{print $1}' ; done

which prints to screen:

502

279

Please note that a 'simple' solution like:

awk 'NR==FNR{pats[$2]; next} $3 in pats' file1 file2

is not appropriate as the order of the printing is given by file2 and not by file1 (i.e. it prints to screen first 279 and then 502).

Thanks a lot for your help.

Marco

解决方案

You can reverse files to be processed in awk and get the right output:

awk 'NR==FNR{pats[$3]=$1; next} $2 in pats{print pats[$2]}' file2 file1
502
279

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