鉴于行分隔的文本块，我如何返回每个包含特定关键字的块？ [英] Given line separated blocks of text, how can I return each block which contains a specific keyword?

问题描述

  me $ cat file.txt 
 
文件名：1 
组织：总线1 =>端口1 => Subport 1 =>设备3 
类：接口视频
驱动程序：usbhid 
 
文件名：2 
组织：总线1 =>端口1 => Subport 3 =>设备4 
类别：音频
驱动程序：usb-audio uvc视频
 
文件名：3 
组织：总线1 =>端口1 => Subport 4 =>设备5 
类别：无线视频
驱动程序：uvc 
  

如何操作这返回包含任何给定关键字的块？

例如：bash this --classVideo会返回：

 文件名：1 
组织：总线1 =>端口1 => Subport 1 =>设备3 
类：接口视频
驱动程序：usbhid 
 
文件名：3 
组织：总线1 =>端口1 => Subport 4 =>设备5 
类：无线视频
驱动程序：uvc 
  

将脚本写入对--class和--driver情况进行排序将会很简单，只是特别要求对文本进行操作。我正在考虑grep Class：* $ input，取出行号，并在之前的换行符之前通过下一个换行符打印所有内容，但这会产生更多复杂性，可能不是最有效的方法做到这一点。

解决方案

获取类...视频：

  $ awk -v RS ='/ Classes：[^ \\\
] * Video /'file.txt 
文件名：1 
组织：Bus 1 =>端口1 => Subport 1 =>设备3 
类：接口视频
驱动程序：usbhid 
文件名：3 
组织：总线1 =>端口1 => Subport 4 =>设备5 
类：无线视频
驱动程序：uvc 
  

与mawk和GNU awk，它应该可以与任何POSIX awk一起使用[帽子提示：ninjalj），但它可能与

它是如何工作的

• -v RS =

  
  
  

  这将记录分隔符设置为一个空字符串，通常被解释为含义段落。

如果记录（段落）包含类别：，则返回true，后面跟随任意数量的 除了换行符之外的任何字符，后面跟着 Video 。换句话说，如果行包含字符串 Classes：，并且后面包含字符串 Video 。如果这个条件返回true，那么awk会执行打印记录（段落）的默认动作。

me$ cat file.txt

Filename: 1
Organization: Bus 1 => Port 1 => Subport 1 => Device 3
Classes: Interface Video
Drivers: usbhid

Filename: 2
Organization: Bus 1 => Port 1 => Subport 3 => Device 4
Classes: Audio 
Drivers: usb-audio uvc Video

Filename: 3
Organization: Bus 1 => Port 1 => Subport 4 => Device 5
Classes: Wireless Video
Drivers: uvc  

How can I manipulate this to return the blocks which contain any given keyword?

For example: bash this --class "Video" would return:

Filename: 1
Organization: Bus 1 => Port 1 => Subport 1 => Device 3
Classes: Interface Video
Drivers: usbhid

Filename: 3
Organization: Bus 1 => Port 1 => Subport 4 => Device 5
Classes: Wireless Video
Drivers: uvc  

Writing the script to sort the --class and --driver case would be trivial, just asking particularly about the text manipulation. I'm thinking along the lines of grep Class:*$input, taking the line number, and printing everything from a a newline prior to that through the next newline, but that would have more complications and probably isn't the most efficient way to do it.

解决方案

To get Classes...Video:

$ awk -v RS= '/Classes:[^\n]*Video/' file.txt
Filename: 1
Organization: Bus 1 => Port 1 => Subport 1 => Device 3
Classes: Interface Video
Drivers: usbhid
Filename: 3
Organization: Bus 1 => Port 1 => Subport 4 => Device 5
Classes: Wireless Video
Drivers: uvc  

(I tested this with mawk and GNU awk and it should work with any POSIX awk [hat tip: ninjalj) but it may not be compatible with very old versions of awk.)

How it works

• -v RS=

  This sets the record separator to be an empty string which is generally interpreted as meaning paragraphs.

• /Classes:[^\n]*Video/

  This returns true if the record (paragraph) contains Classes:, followed by any number of any characters except newline, followed by Video. In other words, it returns true if a line contains the string Classes: and later contains the string Video. If this condition returns true, then awk performs the default action which is to print the record (paragraph).

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