python pandas,DF.groupby()。agg(),列引用在agg() [英] python pandas, DF.groupby().agg(), column reference in agg()

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问题描述

在一个具体问题上,假设我有一个DataFrame DF

 字标记数
0 a S 30
1 S 20
2 a T 60
3 an T 5
4 T 10

我想为每个单词找到,计数最多的标签。因此,退货将会是类似于

pre $ code>字标记数
1 S 20
2 a T 60
3 an T 5

我不在乎count列或订单/索引是原创的或搞砸了。返回字典{'':'S',...}就好了。



我希望我能做到

  DF.groupby(['word'])。agg(lambda x:x ['tag'] [x ['count'] .argmax()])

但它不起作用。我无法访问列信息。



更抽象地说, 函数中的函数 >)看作是它的参数



btw,是.agg()与.aggregate()相同吗?

非常感谢。

解决方案

agg 与聚合相同。它是可调用的,一次一个地传递 DataFrame 的列(系列对象)。






您可以使用 idxmax 来收集最大值为$的行的索引标签b $ b count:

  idx = df.groupby('word')['count']。idxmax()
print(idx)

产生

  word 
a 2
an 3
the 1
名称:count

然后使用 loc 选择字中的那些行标记列:

  print(df.loc [idx, ['word','tag']])

yield

 字标记
2 a T
3和T
1 S

请注意, idxmax 会返回索引标签 df.loc 可用于通过标签选择行
。但是,如果索引不是唯一的 - 也就是说,如果行有重复的索引标签 - 那么 df.loc 将选择所有行标签中列出 idx 。因此,如果您使用 idxmax df.index.is_unique True c $ c> with df.loc






可以使用 apply apply 的可调用函数被传递给一个子数据框,它可以访问所有的列:

  import pandas as pd 
df = pd.DataFrame({'word':'a a the'.split(),
'tag':list('SSTTT' ),
'count':[30,20,60,5,10]})

print(df.groupby('word')。apply(lambda subf:subf [' tag'] [subf ['count']。idxmax()]))

yield

  word 
a T
an T
S






使用 idxmax loc 通常比 apply 更快,特别是对于大型DataFrame。使用IPython的%timeit:

  N = 10000 
df = pd.DataFrame({'word':'a the ('SSTTT')* N,
'count':[30,20,60,5,10] * N} )
def using_apply(df):
return(df.groupby('word')。apply(lambda subf:subf ['tag'] [subf ['count']。idxmax()]) )

def using_idxmax_loc(df):
idx = df.groupby('word')['count']。idxmax()
return df.loc [idx,[ 'b'b'b $ b在[22]中:%timeit using_apply(df)
100个循环,最好是3:每个循环7.68 ms

在[23]中:%timeit using_idxmax_loc(df)
100个循环,最好为3:每循环5.43 ms






如果你想要一个字典将单词映射到标签,那么你可以使用 set_index
to_dict 像这样:

  In [36]:df2 = df。 loc [idx,['word','tag']]。set_index('word')

In [37]:df2
Out [37]:
tag
word
a T
an T
S

In [38]:df2.to_dict()['tag']
Out [38]:{'a':'T','an':'T','the':'S' }


On a concrete problem, say I have a DataFrame DF

     word  tag count
0    a     S    30
1    the   S    20
2    a     T    60
3    an    T    5
4    the   T    10 

I want to find, for every "word", the "tag" that has the most "count". So the return would be something like

     word  tag count
1    the   S    20
2    a     T    60
3    an    T    5

I don't care about the count column or if the order/Index is original or messed up. Returning a dictionary {'the' : 'S', ...} is just fine.

I hope I can do

DF.groupby(['word']).agg(lambda x: x['tag'][ x['count'].argmax() ] )

but it doesn't work. I can't access column information.

More abstractly, what does the function in agg(function) see as its argument?

btw, is .agg() the same as .aggregate() ?

Many thanks.

解决方案

agg is the same as aggregate. It's callable is passed the columns (Series objects) of the DataFrame, one at a time.


You could use idxmax to collect the index labels of the rows with the maximum count:

idx = df.groupby('word')['count'].idxmax()
print(idx)

yields

word
a       2
an      3
the     1
Name: count

and then use loc to select those rows in the word and tag columns:

print(df.loc[idx, ['word', 'tag']])

yields

  word tag
2    a   T
3   an   T
1  the   S

Note that idxmax returns index labels. df.loc can be used to select rows by label. But if the index is not unique -- that is, if there are rows with duplicate index labels -- then df.loc will select all rows with the labels listed in idx. So be careful that df.index.is_unique is True if you use idxmax with df.loc


Alternative, you could use apply. apply's callable is passed a sub-DataFrame which gives you access to all the columns:

import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({'word':'a the a an the'.split(),
                   'tag': list('SSTTT'),
                   'count': [30, 20, 60, 5, 10]})

print(df.groupby('word').apply(lambda subf: subf['tag'][subf['count'].idxmax()]))

yields

word
a       T
an      T
the     S


Using idxmax and loc is typically faster than apply, especially for large DataFrames. Using IPython's %timeit:

N = 10000
df = pd.DataFrame({'word':'a the a an the'.split()*N,
                   'tag': list('SSTTT')*N,
                   'count': [30, 20, 60, 5, 10]*N})
def using_apply(df):
    return (df.groupby('word').apply(lambda subf: subf['tag'][subf['count'].idxmax()]))

def using_idxmax_loc(df):
    idx = df.groupby('word')['count'].idxmax()
    return df.loc[idx, ['word', 'tag']]

In [22]: %timeit using_apply(df)
100 loops, best of 3: 7.68 ms per loop

In [23]: %timeit using_idxmax_loc(df)
100 loops, best of 3: 5.43 ms per loop


If you want a dictionary mapping words to tags, then you could use set_index and to_dict like this:

In [36]: df2 = df.loc[idx, ['word', 'tag']].set_index('word')

In [37]: df2
Out[37]: 
     tag
word    
a      T
an     T
the    S

In [38]: df2.to_dict()['tag']
Out[38]: {'a': 'T', 'an': 'T', 'the': 'S'}

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