我如何通过套接字共享Perl数据结构？ [英] How can I share Perl data structures through a socket?

问题描述

在套接字中，我编写了客户端服务器程序。首先，我试图发送正常的字符串，它们发送正常。之后，我尝试将哈希和数组值从客户端发送到服务器和服务器到客户端。当我使用Dumper打印这些值时，它只给出参考值。我应该怎么做才能获得客户端服务器的实际值？

服务器程序：

 使用IO :: Socket; 
使用strict; 
使用警告; 
 
 my％hash =（name=>pavunkumar，age=> 20）; 
 my $ new = \％hash; 
＃打开系统变量缓冲输出
 $ | = 1; 
＃创建一个新的套接字
 my $ socket = 
 IO :: Socket :: INET-> new（LocalPort => 5000，Proto =>'tcp'，Localhost => ; 
'localhost'，'Listen'=> 5，'Reuse'=> 1）; 
 die无法创建$！\\\
除非（$ socket）; 
打印\ nUDPServer等待端口5000 \\\
; 
 my $ new_sock = $ socket-> accept（）; 
 my $ host = $ new_sock-> peerhost（）; $（< $ new_sock>）
 {
 #my $ line =< $ new_sock> 
; 
打印Dumper$ host $ _; 
打印$ new_sock $ new。 \\\
; 
} 
 print$ host is closed \\\
; 
  

客户端程式

 使用IO :: Socket; 
使用Data :: Dumper; 
使用警告; 
使用strict; 
 
 my％hash =（file=>log.txt，size =>1000kb）; 
 
 my $ ref = \％hash; 
 
 
＃这个客户端连接指定的以下地址和端口
＃INET函数将创建套接字文件并建立与
＃服务器
的连接
 my $ port = shift || 5000; 
 my $ host = shift || 本地主机; 
 my $ recv_data; 
 my $ send_data; 
 my $ socket = new IO :: Socket :: INET（
 PeerAddr => $ host，
 PeerPort => $ port，
 Proto =>'tcp' ，）
 
或死亡无法连接到Server \ n; 
 while（1）
 {
 my $ line =< stdin> ; 
 print $ socket $ ref。\\\
; 
 if（$ line =< $ socket>）
 {
 print Dumper $ line; 
} 
 else 
 {
 printServer is closed \\\
; 
最后; 
} 
 
} 
  

我给出了我的示例程序我在做什么。任何人都可以告诉我在这段代码中我正在做
错误吗？我需要做什么来访问哈希值？

解决方案

当您说

  print $ ref; 
  

，部分指示Perl将 $ ref 放入一个字符串中（因为只有字符串可以是 print ed）。事实证明，默认情况下引用不会变成非常有用的字符串。

您需要将 $ ref 转换成可以通过网线发送的字符串，然后在另一端解码以获取数据。这个过程被称为序列化。 Data :: Dumper 的输出实际上是其参数的有效序列化，但Perl中的基本序列化模块是 Storable 。

程序上，您可以说[1]

 使用Storable qw（nfreeze）; ＃nfreeze而不是冻结，因为
＃我们想要一个网络可移植字符串
 ... 
 print nfreeze（$ ref）; 
  

一方和

 使用Storable qw（解冻）; 
 ... 
 my $ ref = thaw（$ line）; 
  

另一方面。

还有一个OO接口;请阅读 Storable 文档获取更多信息。

[1]：注意yaddayaddas。这是不完整的代码，仅仅说明了您的代码与主要区别。

In sockets I have written the client server program. First I tried to send the normal string among them it sends fine. After that I tried to send the hash and array values from client to server and server to client. When I print the values using Dumper, it gives me only the reference value. What should I do to get the actual values in client server?

Server Program:

use IO::Socket;
use strict;
use warnings;

my %hash = ( "name" => "pavunkumar " , "age" => 20 ) ;
my $new  = \%hash ;
#Turn on System variable for Buffering output
$| = 1;
# Creating a a new socket
my $socket=
IO::Socket::INET->new(LocalPort=>5000,Proto=>'tcp',Localhost =>
        'localhost','Listen' => 5 , 'Reuse' => 1 );
die "could not create $! \n" unless ( $socket );
        print "\nUDPServer Waiting port 5000\n";
        my $new_sock =  $socket->accept();
        my $host =  $new_sock->peerhost();
        while(<$new_sock>)
        {
        #my $line = <$new_sock>;
        print Dumper "$host $_";
        print $new_sock $new . "\n";
        }
        print "$host is closed \n" ;

Client Program

use IO::Socket;                               
use Data::Dumper ;                            
use warnings ;                                
use strict ;                                  

my %hash  = ( "file" =>"log.txt" , size => "1000kb") ;

my $ref = \%hash ;


# This client for connecting the specified below address and port 
# INET function will create the socket file and establish the connection with
# server

my $port = shift || 5000 ;
my $host = shift || 'localhost';
my $recv_data ;
my $send_data;
my $socket = new IO::Socket::INET (
                                  PeerAddr  => $host ,
                                  PeerPort  => $port ,
                                  Proto => 'tcp', )

or die "Couldn't connect to Server\n";
while (1)
{
        my $line = <stdin> ;
        print $socket $ref."\n";
        if ( $line = <$socket> )
        {
                print Dumper  $line ;
        }
        else
        {
                print "Server is closed \n";
                last ;
        }

}

I have given my sample program about what I am doing. Can any one tell me what I am doing wrong in this code? And what I need to do for accessing the hash values?

解决方案

When you say

print $ref;

, you're in part instructing Perl to turn $ref into a string (since only strings can be printed). It turns out that references don't turn into very useful strings by default.

You need to turn $ref into a string that you can send across the wire and then decode on the other side to get the data back out. This process is referred to as "serialization". Data::Dumper's output is actually a valid serialization of its arguments, but the basic serialization module in Perl is Storable.

Procedurally, you can say[1]

use Storable qw(nfreeze); # nfreeze rather than freeze because
                          # we want a network-portable string
...
print nfreeze($ref);

on one side and

use Storable qw(thaw);
...
my $ref = thaw($line);

on the other.

There's also an OO interface; read the Storable documentation for more information.

[1]: Notice the yaddayaddas. This is incomplete code that merely illustrates the key differences from your code.

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