如何有效地查找和插入HashMap? [英] How to lookup from and insert into a HashMap efficiently?

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问题描述




  • 查找 Vec 如果它不存在,为密钥创建一个空的 Vec ,并将其存储以备后用。
  • ,但仍然保留在变量中。


如何有效地执行此操作?自然我以为我可以用 match

 使用std :: collections :: HashMap的; 

//此代码不能编译。
let mut map = HashMap :: new();
let key =foo;
let values:& Vec< isize> = match map.get(key){
Some(v)=> v,
None => {
让预设:Vec< isize> = Vec :: new();
map.insert(key,default);
& amp; default
}
};

当我尝试它时,它给了我错误:

 错误[E0502]:无法借用`map`作为可变因为它也被借用为不可变
- > src / main.rs:11:13
|
7 | let values:& Vec< isize> =匹配map.get(key){
| ---不变的借款发生在这里
...
11 | map.insert(key,default);
| ^^^可变借款发生在这里
...
15 | }
| - 不变的借款在这里结束

我最终做了这样的事情,但我不喜欢事实上它执行了两次查找( map.contains_key map.get ):

  //此代码编译。 
let mut map = HashMap :: new();
let key =foo;
if!map.contains_key(key){
let default:Vec< isize> = Vec :: new();
map.insert(key,default);
}
let values:& Vec< isize> = match map.get(key){
Some(v)=> v,
None => {
恐慌!(impossiburu!);
}
};

有没有一种安全的方法可以只用一个 match

解决方案

entry API 就是为此而设计的。在手动形式下,它可能看起来像

 使用std :: collections :: hash_map :: Entry; 

让值:& Vec< isize> = match map.entry(key){
Entry :: Occupied(o)=> o.into_mut(),
Entry :: Vacant(v)=> v.insert(默认)
};

或者可以使用简单的形式:

< pre $ map.entry(key).or_insert_with(||默认)

如果默认即使未插入,也可以计算出来,但它也可以是:

  map.entry(key).or_insert(默认)


I'd like to do the following:

  • Lookup a Vec for a certain key, and store it for later use.
  • If it doesn't exist, create an empty Vec for the key, but still keep it in the variable.

How to do this efficiently? Naturally I thought I could use match:

use std::collections::HashMap;

// This code doesn't compile.
let mut map = HashMap::new();
let key = "foo";
let values: &Vec<isize> = match map.get(key) {
    Some(v) => v,
    None => {
        let default: Vec<isize> = Vec::new();
        map.insert(key, default);
        &default
    }
};

When I tried it, it gave me errors like:

error[E0502]: cannot borrow `map` as mutable because it is also borrowed as immutable
  --> src/main.rs:11:13
   |
7  |     let values: &Vec<isize> = match map.get(key) {
   |                                     --- immutable borrow occurs here
...
11 |             map.insert(key, default);
   |             ^^^ mutable borrow occurs here
...
15 | }
   | - immutable borrow ends here

I ended up with doing something like this, but I don't like the fact that it performs the lookup twice (map.contains_key and map.get):

// This code does compile.
let mut map = HashMap::new();
let key = "foo";
if !map.contains_key(key) {
    let default: Vec<isize> = Vec::new();
    map.insert(key, default);
}
let values: &Vec<isize> = match map.get(key) {
    Some(v) => v,
    None => {
        panic!("impossiburu!");
    }
};

Is there a safe way to do this with just one match?

解决方案

The entry API is designed for this. In manual form, it might look like

use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;

let values: &Vec<isize> = match map.entry(key) {
    Entry::Occupied(o) => o.into_mut(),
    Entry::Vacant(v) => v.insert(default)
};

Or one can use the briefer form:

map.entry(key).or_insert_with(|| default)

If default is OK/cheap to compute even when it isn't inserted, it can also just be:

map.entry(key).or_insert(default)

这篇关于如何有效地查找和插入HashMap?的文章就介绍到这了,希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持IT屋!

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