数据类型列表：“不能从上下文（SomeTypeclass a）推导出（a〜SomeType）” [英] Lists of data types: "could not deduce (a ~ SomeType) from the context (SomeTypeclass a)"

问题描述

Haskell的类型系统有以下问题：我试图声明一个数据类型并从函数返回一个包含此类型元素的列表。不幸的是，即使是最小的测试用例，比如

I have the following problem with Haskell's type system: I am trying to declare a data type and return a list containing elements of this type from a function. Unfortunately, even a minimal testcase such as

data SampleType = SampleTypeConstructor

instance Show SampleType where
    show x = "(SampleType)"

stList :: (Show a) => [a]
stList = [(SampleTypeConstructor)]

main = do {
    putStrLn (show stList)
}

失败，并显示以下来自ghc-7.0.2和ghc-7.1.20110327的错误消息：

fails with the following error message from both ghc-7.0.2 and ghc-7.1.20110327:

tcase.hs:7:12:
    Could not deduce (a ~ SampleType)
    from the context (Show a)
      bound by the type signature for stList :: Show a => [a]
      at tcase.hs:7:1-34
      `a' is a rigid type variable bound by
          the type signature for stList :: Show a => [a] at tcase.hs:7:1
    In the expression: (SampleTypeConstructor)
    In the expression: [(SampleTypeConstructor)]
    In an equation for `stList': stList = [(SampleTypeConstructor)]

推荐答案

违规行是 stList ::（Show a）=> [α] 。你声明stList是一个多态列表，它包含满足show约束的任何元素。但stList不是一个多态的列表！它是 SampleType s的列表。因此，请删除签名并查看ghci推断的内容，或者仅给它正确的签名： :: [SampleType] 。

the offending line is stList :: (Show a) => [a]. You're declaring that stList is a polymorphic list that holds any element which satisfies the show constraint. But stList isn't a polymorphic list! It's a list of SampleTypes. So remove the signature and see what ghci infers, or just give it the correct signature: :: [SampleType].

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