错误“未定义的方法”load_defaults“ "当试图在Heroku上部署应用程序时 [英] error "Undefinded method "load_defaults" " when trying to deploy app on Heroku

问题描述

我是ruby和rails编程的新手，所以我一直在关注railstutorial.org在线书籍，并遇到了几个小时都无法解决的障碍：

在Bash运行git push heroku master后，我得到以下内容：

 计数对象：90，完成。 
使用多达4个线程的增量压缩。 
压缩对象：100％（76/76），完成。 
写作对象：100％（90/90），21.30 KiB | 0字节/秒，完成。 
总计90（delta 5），重用0（delta 0）
 remote：压缩源文件...完成。 
远程：建立源：
远程：
远程：！警告：多个默认构建包报告了处理此应用程序的能力。下面列表中的第一个buildpack将被使用。 
 remote：检测到的构建包：Ruby，Node.js 
 remote：请参阅https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/buildpacks#buildpack-detect-order 
 remote：---- - > Ruby应用检测到
 remote：----->编译Ruby / Rails 
 remote：----->使用Ruby版本：ruby-2.3.4 
 remote：----->使用捆绑器安装依赖关系1.13.7 
 remote：运行：bundle install --without development：test --path vendor / bundle --binstubs vendor / bundle / bin -j4 --deployment 
 remote：Warning： Bundler（1.13.7）的运行版本比创建锁文件（1.14.6）的版本旧。我们建议您运行`gem install bundler`升级到最新版本的Bundler。 
 remote：从https：//rubygems.org/ ......... 
 remote获取gem元数据：从https://rubygems.org/获取版本元数据.. 
 remote：从https://rubygems.org/获取依赖关系元数据。 
 remote：安装i18n 0.8.1 
 remote：安装rake 12.0.0 
 remote：安装concurrent-ruby 1.0.5 
 remote：安装minitest 5.10.1 
 remote：安装thread_safe 0.3.6 
 remote：安装生成器3.2.3 
 remote：安装erubis 2.7.0 
 remote：安装mini_portile2 2.1.0 
 remote：安装机架2.0。 1 
 remote：使用本地扩展安装nio4r 1.2.1 
 remote：安装websocket-extensions 0.1.2 
 remote：安装mime-types-data 3.2016.0521 
 remote：安装arel 7.1.4 
 remote：安装coffee-script-source 1.12.2 
 remote：安装execjs 2.7.0 
 remote：安装method_source 0.8.2 
 remote：安装thor 0.19 .4 
 remote：安装multi_json 1.12.1 
 remote：使用原生扩展安装pg 0.18.4 
 remote：使用na安装puma 3.4.0 tive extensions 
 remote：使用bundler 1.13.7 
 remote：安装sass 3.4.23 
 remote：安装tilt 2.0.7 
 remote：安装turbolinks-source 5.0.3 
 remote：安装tzinfo 1.2.3 
 remote：使用原生扩展安装nokogiri 1.7.1 
 remote：安装机架测试0.6.3 
 remote：安装链轮3.7.1 
 remote：使用原生扩展安装websocket-driver 0.6.5 
 remote：安装mime-types 3.1 
 remote：安装coffee-script 2.4.1 
 remote：安装uglifier 3.0.0 
 remote：安装turbolinks 5.0.1 
 remote：安装activesupport 5.0.1 
 remote：安装邮件2.6.5 
 remote：安装globalid 0.4.0 
 remote：安装activemodel 5.0.1 
 remote：安装jbuilder 2.4.1 
 remote：安装activejob 5.0.1 
 remote：安装activerecord 5.0 .1 
 remote：安装rails-dom-testing 2.0.2 
 remote：安装丝瓜络2.0.3 
 remote：安装rails-html-sanitizer 1.0.3 
 remote：安装actionview 5.0.1 
 remote：安装actionpack 5.0.1 
 remote：安装actionmailer 5.0.1 
 remote：安装actioncable 5.0.1 
 remote：安装railties 5.0.1 
 remote：安装sprocket-rails 3.2.0 
 remote：安装rails 5.0.1 
 remote：安装咖啡栏4.2.1 
 remote：安装jquery-rails 4.1.1 
 remote：安装sass-rails 5.0.6 
 remote：捆绑完成！ 16个Gemfile依赖项，现在安装了53个宝石。 
 remote：群组开发和测试中的宝石没有安装。 
 remote：捆绑的gems被安装到./vendor/bundle中。 
 remote：Bundle完成（25.85s）
 remote：清理bundler缓存。 
 remote：----->安装node-v6.10.0-linux-x64 
 remote：----->检测rake任务
 remote：sh：2：语法错误：未终止的带引号的字符串
 remote：sh：2：语法错误：未终止的带引号的字符串
 remote：！ 
 remote：！无法检测到rake任务
 remote：！确保你可以针对你的应用运行'$ bundle exec rake -P` 
 remote：！并使用您的Gemfile的生产组。 
 remote：！耙子中止了！ 
 remote：！ NoMethodError：未定义方法`load_defaults'为＃< Rails :: Application :: Configuration：0x007fe95df68030> 
 remote：！ /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.1/lib/rails/railtie/configuration.rb:95:in' method_missing'
 remote：！ /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/config/application.rb:12:in`< class：Application>'
 remote：！ /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/config/application.rb:10:in`< module：HelloApp>'
 remote：！ /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/config/application.rb:9:in`< top（required）>'
 remote：！ / tmp / build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca / Rakefile：4：在`require_relative'
 remote：！ / tmp / build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca / Rakefile：4：在<< top（required）>'
 remote：！ /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/rake_module.rb:28:in`load'
 remote：！ /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/rake_module.rb:28:in`load_rakefile'
 remote：！ /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:687:in`raw_load_rakefile'
 remote：！ /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:96:in`block in load_rakefile'
 remote：！ /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:178:in`standard_exception_handling'
 remote：！ /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:95:in`load_rakefile'
 remote：！ /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:79:in`block in run'
 remote：！ /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:178:in`standard_exception_handling'
 remote：！ /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:77:in`run'
 remote：！ /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/exe/rake:27:in`< top（required）>'
 remote：！ vendor / bundle / bin / rake：17：在`load'
 remote：！ vendor / bundle / bin / rake：17：在< main>'
 remote：！ 
遥控：/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/helpers/rake_runner.rb:102:in`load_rake_tasks：无法检测到rake任务（LanguagePack ::助手:: RakeRunner :: CannotLoadRakefileError） 
 remote：确保您可以针对您的应用
 remote：运行`$ bundle exec rake -P`并使用您的Gemfile的生产组。 
 remote：rake中止！ 
 remote：NoMethodError：undefined方法`load_defaults'为＃< Rails :: Application :: Configuration：0x007fe95df68030> 
 remote：/tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.1/lib/rails/railtie/configuration.rb:95:in' method_missing'
 remote ：/tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/config/application.rb:12:in`< class：Application>'
 remote：/tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/config/application.rb:10:in`< module：HelloApp> '
 remote：/tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/config/application.rb:9:in`< top（required）>'
 remote：/ tmp / build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca / Rakefile：4：in'require_relative' 
 remote：/ tmp / build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca / Rakefile：4：在<< top（required）>'
 remote：/tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake -12.0.0 / lib / rake / rake_module.rb：28：在`load'中
 remote：/tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/ rake / rake_module.rb：28：在`load_rakefile'
 remote：/ tmp / build_ 9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca / vendor / bundle / ruby​​ / 2.3.0 / gems / rake -12.0.0 / lib / rake / application.rb：687：在`raw_load_rakefile'
 remote：/tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca / vendor / bundle / ruby /2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:96:in`block in load_rakefile'
 remote：/tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/ gems / rake -12.0.0 / lib / rake / application.rb：178：在`standard_exception_handling'
 remote：/tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0 /lib/rake/application.rb:95:in`load_rakefile'
 remote：/tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application。 rb：79：在`block in run'中
 remote：/tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:178:in `standard_exception_handling'
 remote：/tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/ lib / rake / application.rb：77：在`run'
 remote：/tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/exe/rake:27:in '< top（required）>'
 remote：vendor / bundle / bin / rake：17：in`load'
 remote：vendor / bundle / bin / rake：17：in<<主> '
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/ruby.rb:757:in`耙' 
遥控：从/应用/ TMP / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe / lib中/language_pack/rails4.rb:77:in`块（2级）在run_assets_precompile_rake_task '
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:132:in`登录' 
 remote：from / ap P / TMP / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe / LIB / language_pack / rails4.rb：71：在`在run_assets_precompile_rake_task 
远程块：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:18：在`块（2级）在仪器 '
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:40:in`yield_with_block_depth' 
遥控：从/应用程序/ TMP / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe / LIB / language_pack / instrument.rb：17：在`块在仪器 
遥控：从/应用/ TMP / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c 0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe /供应商/红宝石/雪松-14 / LIB /红宝石/ 2.3.0 / benchmark.rb：308：在`实时 
遥控：从/应用/ TMP / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe / LIB / language_pack /仪器。 RB：16：在`仪器 '
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:49:in`仪器' 
遥控：从/应用/ TMP / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe / LIB / language_pack / base.rb：45：在`仪器 
遥控：从/应用/ TMP / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05b edd42cfe / LIB / language_pack / rails4.rb：70：在`run_assets_precompile_rake_task 
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/ruby.rb:109:in`块（2级）中编译 '
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/ruby.rb:778:in`allow_git' 
遥控：从/应用/ TMP / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe / LIB / language_pack / ruby​​.rb：103：在`块在编译 
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:18:in`块（2级）在仪器
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:40:in`yield_with_block_depth 
遥控：从/应用/ TMP / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe / LIB / language_pack / instrument.rb：17：在`在仪器 
远程块：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/vendor/ruby/cedar-14/lib/ruby/2.3.0/benchmark.rb:308：在`实时 '
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:16:in`仪器' 
遥控：从/应用/ TMP / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c040 2fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe / LIB / language_pack / base.rb：49：在`仪器 '
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:45:in`仪器' 
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/ruby.rb:92:in`编译 
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails2.rb： 57：在`block in compile'中
 remote：from / app / tmp / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe / lib / language_pack /instrument.rb:18:in`块（2级）在仪器 '
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:40:in`yield_with_block_depth' 
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:17:in`在仪器 
远程块：从/应用/ TMP / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe /供应商/红宝石/雪松-14 / LIB /红宝石/ 2.3.0 / benchmark.rb：308：在`实时 
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:16:in`仪器'
远程：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:49:in`工具 
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:45 ：在`仪器 '
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails2.rb:55:in`编译' 
遥控：从/应用/ TMP / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe /lib/language_pack/rails3.rb:42:in`block in compile'
 remote：from / app / tmp / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa2 0dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe / LIB / language_pack / instrument.rb：18：在`在仪器 
远程块（2级）：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:40:in` yield_with_block_depth '
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:17:in`块在仪器' 
遥控：从/应用/ TMP / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe / vendor / ruby​​ / cedar -14 / lib / ruby​​ / 2.3.0 / benchmark.rb：308：在`realtime'中
 remote：from / app / tmp / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe / lib / lang uage_pack / instrument.rb：16：在`仪器 '
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:49:in`仪器' 
遥控：从/应用程序/ TMP / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe / LIB / language_pack / base.rb：45：在`仪器 
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails3.rb:41:in`编译 '
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails4.rb:41:in`在编译块' 
遥控：从/应用/ TMP / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d 18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe / LIB / language_pack / instrument.rb：18：在`在仪器 
远程块（2级）：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:40:in` yield_with_block_depth '
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:17:in`块在仪器' 
遥控：从/应用/ TMP / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe / vendor / ruby​​ / cedar-14 / lib / ruby​​ / 2.3.0 / benchmark.rb：308：在`realtime'中
 remote：from / app / tmp / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3b ae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe / LIB / language_pack / instrument.rb：16：在`仪器 '
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:49:in`仪器' 
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:45:in`工具 
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails4.rb： 40： '在<在`块（2级）;主> 
遥控：从/应用/ TMP / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe / bin中/支持/ ruby​​_compile：20' 
再在`编译微尘：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:132:in'登录 
遥控：从/应用程序的/ tmp / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe /斌/支持/ ruby​​_compile：19：在`在<块;主> '
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:35:in`在跟踪块' 
遥控：从/应用程序/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:18:in`在仪器 
远程块（2级）：从/应用/ TMP / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc59 92612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe / LIB / language_pack / instrument.rb：40：在`yield_with_block_depth '
遥控：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:17:in`在仪器块' 
远程：从/app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/vendor/ruby/cedar-14/lib/ruby/2.3.0/benchmark.rb:308:in`实时 
遥控：从/应用程序/ TMP / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe / LIB / language_pack / instrument.rb：16：在`仪器 
遥控：从/应用/ TMP / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05b edd42cfe / LIB / language_pack / instrument.rb：35：在`跟踪 '
遥控：从/应用/ TMP / buildpacks / f6d48d8a14​​fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe / bin中/支持/ ruby​​_compile：15：在`<主>' 
遥控器：！推送被拒绝，未能编译Ruby应用程序。 
 remote：
 remote：！推送失败
 remote：验证部署... 
 remote：
 remote：！推拒绝神秘堡垒24389。 
 remote：
至https://git.heroku.com/cryptic-bastion-24389.git 
！ [remote rejected] master  - > master（pre-receive hook refused）
错误：未能将一些文件推送到'https://git.heroku.com/cryptic-bastion-24389.git'
  
 
注意到这个讯息： 
 
 
  remote： - --->安装node-v6.10.0-linux-x64 
 remote：----->检测rake任务
 remote：sh：2：语法错误：未终止的带引号的字符串
 remote：sh：2：语法错误：未终止的带引号的字符串
 remote：！ 
 remote：！无法检测到rake任务
 remote：！确保你可以针对你的应用运行'$ bundle exec rake -P` 
 remote：！并使用您的Gemfile的生产组。 
 remote：！耙子中止了！ 
 remote：！ NoMethodError：未定义方法`load_defaults'为＃< Rails :: Application :: Configuration：0x007fe95df68030> 
  
我在我的文件中查找代码，看看load_defaults被调用的地方，它似乎是从我应用程序目录中的application.rb文件中找到> config 
  require_relative'boot'
 
 require' rails / all'
 
＃要求Gemfile中列出的宝石，包括任何宝石
＃，您只限于：test，：development或production。 
 Bundler.require（* Rails.groups）
 
模块HelloApp 
类应用程序< Rails :: Application 
＃初始化最初生成的Rails版本的配置默认值。 
 config.load_defaults 5.1 
 
＃config / environments / *中的设置优先于此处指定的设置。 
＃应用程序配置应该放入config / initializers中的文件
＃ - 该目录中的所有.rb文件都会自动加载。 
 end 
 end 
  
然而，我试着查找相同的错误信息，执行所有建议的消息，我仍然无法将我的应用程序推送到Heroku，总是再次得到完全相同的错误。我仍然不确定
remote：sh：2：Syntax error：Unterminated quoted string甚至意味着什么。 
 
 
 
我假设整个问题与我的宝石有关，所以这里是我的Gemfile文件的内容：
  source'https://rubygems.org'
 
 gem'rails'，'5.0.1'
 gem'puma'，'3.4。 0'
 gem'sass-rails'，'5.0.6'
 gem'uglifier'，'3.0.0'
 gem'coffee-rails'，'4.2.1'
 gem'jquery-rails'，'4.1.1'
 gem'turbolinks'，'5.0.1'
 gem'jbuilder'，'2.4.1'
 
 group：development，：test do 
 gem'sqlite3'，'1.3.12'
 gem'byebug'，'9.0.0'，platform：：mri 
 end 
 
 group：开发
 gem'web-console'，'3.1.1'
 gem'listen'，'3.0.8'
 gem'spring'，'1.7.2 '
 gem'spring-watcher-listen'，'2.0.0'
 end 
 
 group：production do 
 gem'pg'，'0.18.4' 
结束
 
＃风ows不包含zoneinfo文件，因此捆绑tzinfo-data gem 
 gem'tzinfo-data'，平台：[：mingw，：mswin，：x64_mingw，：jruby] 
  
是的，我已经执行了捆绑安装 - 没有任何生产。从一开始就没有运气。 AFAIK我遵循railstutorial第一章的所有步骤。
 
 
 
bundle exec install的输出
  install：缺少文件操作数
  
和bundle exec install ？，
  sh：1：install ?:找不到
  
 
 
解决方案
好吧，首先我要道歉直到不得不提出问题并找到解决方案我自己并不确定发生了什么故障，但我的确缩小了它的差异。
   Rails和其他宝石的版本，因为我使用的是旧版特定版本，上面写着railstutorial.org/book，指示我使用。 
 
 
 
我所做的就是使用命令 rails new 为我的Gemfile提供的所有默认宝石，不包含任何版本或生产group for the pg gem。
 
 
 
固定它的Gemfile代码： 
 
 
  source'https://rubygems.org'
 
 git_source（：github）do | repo_name | 
 repo_name =＃{repo_name} /＃{repo_name}除非repo_name.include？（/）
https://github.com/#{repo_name}.git
结束
 
 
＃捆绑边缘Rails改为：gem'rails'，github：'rails / rails'
 gem'rails'，'〜> 5.1.0'
 
＃使用Puma作为应用服务器
 gem'puma'，'〜> 3.7'
＃在样式表中使用SCSS 
 gem'sass-rails'，'〜> 5.0'
＃使用Uglifier作为JavaScript资产的压缩器
 gem'uglifier'，'> = 1.3.0'
＃请参阅https://github.com/rails/execjs#readme对于更多受支持的运行时
＃gem'therubyracer'，平台:: ruby​​ 
 
＃使用CoffeeScript作为.coffee资产和视图
 gem'coffee-rails'，'〜> 4.2'
＃Turbolinks可以更快地导航您的Web应用程序。阅读更多：https://github.com/turbolinks/turbolinks 
 gem'turbolinks'，'〜> 5'
＃轻松构建JSON API。阅读更多：https://github.com/rails/jbuilder 
 gem'jbuilder'，'〜> 2.5'
＃使用Redis适配器在制作中运行Action Cable 
＃gem'redis'，'〜> 3.0'
＃使用ActiveModel has_secure_password 
＃gem'bcrypt'，'〜> 3.1.7'
 
＃使用Capistrano进行部署
＃gem'capistrano-rails'，group：：development 
 group：production do 
 gem'pg'
 end 
 
 
 group：development，：test do 
＃使用sqlite3作为Active Record的数据库
 gem'sqlite3'
＃调用'byebug'代码中的任何地方停止执行并获得调试器控制台
 gem'byebug'，平台：[：mri，：mingw，：x64_mingw] 
＃添加对Capybara系统测试和selenium驱动程序的支持
 gem'capybara'，'〜> 2.13.0'
 gem'selenium-webdriver'
 end 
 
 group：development do 
＃访问异常页面上的IRB控制台或使用<％=控制台％>代码中的任何地方。 
 gem'web-console'，'> = 3.3.0'
 gem'listen'，'> = 3.0.5'，'< 3.2'
＃Spring通过让应用程序在后台运行来加速开发。阅读更多：https://github.com/rails/spring 
 gem'spring'
 gem'spring-watcher-listen'，'〜> 2.0.0’ 
 end 
  
 # Windows does not include zoneinfo files, so bundle the tzinfo-data gem 
 gem ’tzinfo-data’, platforms: [:mingw, :mswin, :x64_mingw, :jruby] 
 
 
I'm new to ruby and rails programming, so I've been following the railstutorial.org online book, and came across an obstacle that I haven't been able to solve for a couple hours:


After running "git push heroku master" in Bash, I get the following:
Counting objects: 90, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (76/76), done.
Writing objects: 100% (90/90), 21.30 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 90 (delta 5), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Compressing source files... done.
remote: Building source:
remote: 
remote:  !     Warning: Multiple default buildpacks reported the ability to handle this app. The first buildpack in the list below will be used.
remote:             Detected buildpacks: Ruby,Node.js
remote:             See https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/buildpacks#buildpack-detect-order
remote: -----> Ruby app detected
remote: -----> Compiling Ruby/Rails
remote: -----> Using Ruby version: ruby-2.3.4
remote: -----> Installing dependencies using bundler 1.13.7
remote:        Running: bundle install --without development:test --path vendor/bundle --binstubs vendor/bundle/bin -j4 --deployment
remote:        Warning: the running version of Bundler (1.13.7) is older than the version that created the lockfile (1.14.6). We suggest you upgrade to the latest version of Bundler by running `gem install bundler`.
remote:        Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.........
remote:        Fetching version metadata from https://rubygems.org/..
remote:        Fetching dependency metadata from https://rubygems.org/.
remote:        Installing i18n 0.8.1
remote:        Installing rake 12.0.0
remote:        Installing concurrent-ruby 1.0.5
remote:        Installing minitest 5.10.1
remote:        Installing thread_safe 0.3.6
remote:        Installing builder 3.2.3
remote:        Installing erubis 2.7.0
remote:        Installing mini_portile2 2.1.0
remote:        Installing rack 2.0.1
remote:        Installing nio4r 1.2.1 with native extensions
remote:        Installing websocket-extensions 0.1.2
remote:        Installing mime-types-data 3.2016.0521
remote:        Installing arel 7.1.4
remote:        Installing coffee-script-source 1.12.2
remote:        Installing execjs 2.7.0
remote:        Installing method_source 0.8.2
remote:        Installing thor 0.19.4
remote:        Installing multi_json 1.12.1
remote:        Installing pg 0.18.4 with native extensions
remote:        Installing puma 3.4.0 with native extensions
remote:        Using bundler 1.13.7
remote:        Installing sass 3.4.23
remote:        Installing tilt 2.0.7
remote:        Installing turbolinks-source 5.0.3
remote:        Installing tzinfo 1.2.3
remote:        Installing nokogiri 1.7.1 with native extensions
remote:        Installing rack-test 0.6.3
remote:        Installing sprockets 3.7.1
remote:        Installing websocket-driver 0.6.5 with native extensions
remote:        Installing mime-types 3.1
remote:        Installing coffee-script 2.4.1
remote:        Installing uglifier 3.0.0
remote:        Installing turbolinks 5.0.1
remote:        Installing activesupport 5.0.1
remote:        Installing mail 2.6.5
remote:        Installing globalid 0.4.0
remote:        Installing activemodel 5.0.1
remote:        Installing jbuilder 2.4.1
remote:        Installing activejob 5.0.1
remote:        Installing activerecord 5.0.1
remote:        Installing rails-dom-testing 2.0.2
remote:        Installing loofah 2.0.3
remote:        Installing rails-html-sanitizer 1.0.3
remote:        Installing actionview 5.0.1
remote:        Installing actionpack 5.0.1
remote:        Installing actionmailer 5.0.1
remote:        Installing actioncable 5.0.1
remote:        Installing railties 5.0.1
remote:        Installing sprockets-rails 3.2.0
remote:        Installing rails 5.0.1
remote:        Installing coffee-rails 4.2.1
remote:        Installing jquery-rails 4.1.1
remote:        Installing sass-rails 5.0.6
remote:        Bundle complete! 16 Gemfile dependencies, 53 gems now installed.
remote:        Gems in the groups development and test were not installed.
remote:        Bundled gems are installed into ./vendor/bundle.
remote:        Bundle completed (25.85s)
remote:        Cleaning up the bundler cache.
remote: -----> Installing node-v6.10.0-linux-x64
remote: -----> Detecting rake tasks
remote: sh: 2: Syntax error: Unterminated quoted string
remote: sh: 2: Syntax error: Unterminated quoted string
remote:  !
remote:  !     Could not detect rake tasks
remote:  !     ensure you can run `$ bundle exec rake -P` against your app
remote:  !     and using the production group of your Gemfile.
remote:  !     rake aborted!
remote:  !     NoMethodError: undefined method `load_defaults' for #<Rails::Application::Configuration:0x007fe95df68030>
remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.1/lib/rails/railtie/configuration.rb:95:in `method_missing'
remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/config/application.rb:12:in `<class:Application>'
remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/config/application.rb:10:in `<module:HelloApp>'
remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/config/application.rb:9:in `<top (required)>'
remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/Rakefile:4:in `require_relative'
remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/Rakefile:4:in `<top (required)>'
remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/rake_module.rb:28:in `load'
remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/rake_module.rb:28:in `load_rakefile'
remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:687:in `raw_load_rakefile'
remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:96:in `block in load_rakefile'
remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:178:in `standard_exception_handling'
remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:95:in `load_rakefile'
remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:79:in `block in run'
remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:178:in `standard_exception_handling'
remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:77:in `run'
remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/exe/rake:27:in `<top (required)>'
remote:  !     vendor/bundle/bin/rake:17:in `load'
remote:  !     vendor/bundle/bin/rake:17:in `<main>'
remote:  !
remote: /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/helpers/rake_runner.rb:102:in `load_rake_tasks!': Could not detect rake tasks (LanguagePack::Helpers::RakeRunner::CannotLoadRakefileError)
remote: ensure you can run `$ bundle exec rake -P` against your app
remote: and using the production group of your Gemfile.
remote: rake aborted!
remote: NoMethodError: undefined method `load_defaults' for #<Rails::Application::Configuration:0x007fe95df68030>
remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.1/lib/rails/railtie/configuration.rb:95:in `method_missing'
remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/config/application.rb:12:in `<class:Application>'
remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/config/application.rb:10:in `<module:HelloApp>'
remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/config/application.rb:9:in `<top (required)>'
remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/Rakefile:4:in `require_relative'
remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/Rakefile:4:in `<top (required)>'
remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/rake_module.rb:28:in `load'
remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/rake_module.rb:28:in `load_rakefile'
remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:687:in `raw_load_rakefile'
remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:96:in `block in load_rakefile'
remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:178:in `standard_exception_handling'
remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:95:in `load_rakefile'
remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:79:in `block in run'
remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:178:in `standard_exception_handling'
remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:77:in `run'
remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/exe/rake:27:in `<top (required)>'
remote: vendor/bundle/bin/rake:17:in `load'
remote: vendor/bundle/bin/rake:17:in `<main>'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/ruby.rb:757:in `rake'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails4.rb:77:in `block (2 levels) in run_assets_precompile_rake_task'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:132:in `log'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails4.rb:71:in `block in run_assets_precompile_rake_task'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:18:in `block (2 levels) in instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:40:in `yield_with_block_depth'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:17:in `block in instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/vendor/ruby/cedar-14/lib/ruby/2.3.0/benchmark.rb:308:in `realtime'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:16:in `instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:49:in `instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:45:in `instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails4.rb:70:in `run_assets_precompile_rake_task'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/ruby.rb:109:in `block (2 levels) in compile'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/ruby.rb:778:in `allow_git'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/ruby.rb:103:in `block in compile'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:18:in `block (2 levels) in instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:40:in `yield_with_block_depth'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:17:in `block in instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/vendor/ruby/cedar-14/lib/ruby/2.3.0/benchmark.rb:308:in `realtime'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:16:in `instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:49:in `instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:45:in `instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/ruby.rb:92:in `compile'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails2.rb:57:in `block in compile'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:18:in `block (2 levels) in instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:40:in `yield_with_block_depth'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:17:in `block in instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/vendor/ruby/cedar-14/lib/ruby/2.3.0/benchmark.rb:308:in `realtime'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:16:in `instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:49:in `instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:45:in `instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails2.rb:55:in `compile'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails3.rb:42:in `block in compile'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:18:in `block (2 levels) in instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:40:in `yield_with_block_depth'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:17:in `block in instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/vendor/ruby/cedar-14/lib/ruby/2.3.0/benchmark.rb:308:in `realtime'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:16:in `instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:49:in `instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:45:in `instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails3.rb:41:in `compile'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails4.rb:41:in `block in compile'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:18:in `block (2 levels) in instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:40:in `yield_with_block_depth'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:17:in `block in instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/vendor/ruby/cedar-14/lib/ruby/2.3.0/benchmark.rb:308:in `realtime'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:16:in `instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:49:in `instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:45:in `instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails4.rb:40:in `compile'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/bin/support/ruby_compile:20:in `block (2 levels) in <main>'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:132:in `log'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/bin/support/ruby_compile:19:in `block in <main>'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:35:in `block in trace'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:18:in `block (2 levels) in instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:40:in `yield_with_block_depth'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:17:in `block in instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/vendor/ruby/cedar-14/lib/ruby/2.3.0/benchmark.rb:308:in `realtime'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:16:in `instrument'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:35:in `trace'
remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/bin/support/ruby_compile:15:in `<main>'
remote:  !     Push rejected, failed to compile Ruby app.
remote: 
remote:  !     Push failed
remote: Verifying deploy...
remote: 
remote: !   Push rejected to cryptic-bastion-24389.
remote: 
To https://git.heroku.com/cryptic-bastion-24389.git
 ! [remote rejected] master -> master (pre-receive hook declined)
error: failed to push some refs to 'https://git.heroku.com/cryptic-bastion-24389.git'
Noting the message:
remote: -----> Installing node-v6.10.0-linux-x64
remote: -----> Detecting rake tasks
remote: sh: 2: Syntax error: Unterminated quoted string
remote: sh: 2: Syntax error: Unterminated quoted string
remote:  !
remote:  !     Could not detect rake tasks
remote:  !     ensure you can run `$ bundle exec rake -P` against your app
remote:  !     and using the production group of your Gemfile.
remote:  !     rake aborted!
remote:  !     NoMethodError: undefined method `load_defaults' for #<Rails::Application::Configuration:0x007fe95df68030>
I looked up code in my files to see where "load_defaults" was being called and it seems to be from the file application.rb in my app's directory > config
require_relative 'boot'

require 'rails/all'

# Require the gems listed in Gemfile, including any gems
# you've limited to :test, :development, or :production.
Bundler.require(*Rails.groups)

module HelloApp
  class Application < Rails::Application
    # Initialize configuration defaults for originally generated Rails version.
    config.load_defaults 5.1

    # Settings in config/environments/* take precedence over those specified here.
    # Application configuration should go into files in config/initializers
    # -- all .rb files in that directory are automatically loaded.
  end
end
However I have tried looking up the same error message and executing all suggested messages and I still haven't been able to push my app to Heroku, always getting the exact same error again. I'm still not sure what 
"remote: sh: 2: Syntax error: Unterminated quoted string" even means yet. 

I assume the whole problem is something related to my gems so here is the content of my Gemfile file:
source 'https://rubygems.org'

gem 'rails',        '5.0.1'
gem 'puma',         '3.4.0'
gem 'sass-rails',   '5.0.6'
gem 'uglifier',     '3.0.0'
gem 'coffee-rails', '4.2.1'
gem 'jquery-rails', '4.1.1'
gem 'turbolinks',   '5.0.1'
gem 'jbuilder',     '2.4.1'

group :development, :test do
  gem 'sqlite3', '1.3.12'
  gem 'byebug',  '9.0.0', platform: :mri
end

group :development do
  gem 'web-console',           '3.1.1'
  gem 'listen',                '3.0.8'
  gem 'spring',                '1.7.2'
  gem 'spring-watcher-listen', '2.0.0'
end

group :production do
  gem 'pg', '0.18.4'
end

# Windows does not include zoneinfo files, so bundle the tzinfo-data gem
gem 'tzinfo-data', platforms: [:mingw, :mswin, :x64_mingw, :jruby]
Yes I have executed bundle install --without production before anything. No luck from the beginning. AFAIK I followed all the steps in the first chapter of railstutorial book.

Output of either "bundle exec install" 
install: missing file operand 
and "bundle exec install?", 
sh: 1: install?: not found

解决方案
Well, first I'll apologize for going as far as to having to make a question and finding the solution by myself 20 mins later.

While I'm not sure exactly what was malfunctioning, I did narrow it down to differing  versions of Rails and other gems, as I was using old specific versions that said book , railstutorial.org/book , indicated me to use. 

What I did was use all the default gems given by the command rails new  for my Gemfile, without specifiying versions or anything other than the production group for the pg gem.

Gemfile code that fixed it:
source 'https://rubygems.org'

git_source(:github) do |repo_name|
  repo_name = "#{repo_name}/#{repo_name}" unless repo_name.include?("/")
  "https://github.com/#{repo_name}.git"
end


# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
gem 'rails', '~> 5.1.0'

# Use Puma as the app server
gem 'puma', '~> 3.7'
# Use SCSS for stylesheets
gem 'sass-rails', '~> 5.0'
# Use Uglifier as compressor for JavaScript assets
gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.3.0'
# See https://github.com/rails/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes
# gem 'therubyracer', platforms: :ruby

# Use CoffeeScript for .coffee assets and views
gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.2'
# Turbolinks makes navigating your web application faster. Read more: https://github.com/turbolinks/turbolinks
gem 'turbolinks', '~> 5'
# Build JSON APIs with ease. Read more: https://github.com/rails/jbuilder
gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.5'
# Use Redis adapter to run Action Cable in production
# gem 'redis', '~> 3.0'
# Use ActiveModel has_secure_password
# gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1.7'

# Use Capistrano for deployment
# gem 'capistrano-rails', group: :development
group :production do
  gem 'pg'
end


group :development, :test do
  # Use sqlite3 as the database for Active Record
  gem 'sqlite3'
  # Call 'byebug' anywhere in the code to stop execution and get a debugger console
  gem 'byebug', platforms: [:mri, :mingw, :x64_mingw]
  # Adds support for Capybara system testing and selenium driver
  gem 'capybara', '~> 2.13.0'
  gem 'selenium-webdriver'
end

group :development do
  # Access an IRB console on exception pages or by using <%= console %> anywhere in the code.
  gem 'web-console', '>= 3.3.0'
  gem 'listen', '>= 3.0.5', '< 3.2'
  # Spring speeds up development by keeping your application running in the background. Read more: https://github.com/rails/spring
  gem 'spring'
  gem 'spring-watcher-listen', '~> 2.0.0'
end

# Windows does not include zoneinfo files, so bundle the tzinfo-data gem
gem 'tzinfo-data', platforms: [:mingw, :mswin, :x64_mingw, :jruby]


                        
这篇关于错误“未定义的方法”load_defaults“ &QUOT;当试图在Heroku上部署应用程序时的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！