如何创建从HTTP / HTTPS API获取数据的Alexa技能（对AWS Lambda上的Node.js使用“Alexa Skills Kit”） [英] How do I create an Alexa Skill that gets data from an HTTP/HTTPS API (using "Alexa Skills Kit" for Node.js on AWS Lambda)

问题描述

我想为Amazon Alexa创建一项技能 - 当由语音命令触发时 - 通过HTTPS请求从API获取一些信息，并将结果用作Alexa用户的口头答案。

I want to create a skill for Amazon Alexa that - when triggered by voice commands - gets some information from an API via a HTTPS request and uses the result as spoken answer to the Alexa user.

由于node.js的事件驱动概念和针对Node.js的Alexa Skills Kit 。从用户处获取参数也不是那么容易。

There is a little challenge here (especially for node.js newbies) due to the event-driven concept of node.js and the internals of the Alexa Skills Kit for Node.js. And getting a hand on parameters from the user isn't that easy, either.

有人可以提供一些示例代码吗？

Can somebody provide some sample code to start with?

推荐答案

预赛

• 要开始，您需要一个亚马逊帐户，并且您必须为该帐户启用AWS。


• 然后亚马逊网站上有一个很好的分步指南： https://developer.amazon.com/edw/home.html#/skills


• 它将引导您逐步完成创造技能的过程。技能是Alexa用自然语言回答问题的能力。
  在此过程中，您还可以创建一个Lambda函数（选择创建一个演示脚本应用程序，然后自动获得所有必需的库）


• 然后您可以编辑代码在AWS控制台的WebUI中。）


• 所有个人Alexa设备上都会自动启用技能，例如我家中的Amazon Echo dot。


• 请记住，您可以在AWS控制台的AWS Cloudwatch部分查看控制台输出。



Preliminaries

• To get started you need an Amazon account, and you must enable AWS for the account.
• Then there is a nice step-by-step guide on the Amazon Website: https://developer.amazon.com/edw/home.html#/skills
• It walks you through step-by-step through the process of creating a "skill". A skill is the ability for Alexa to answer questions in natural language. During this process you also create a Lambda function (select to create one of the demo script applications, and you get all required libraries automatically)
• Then you can then edit the code in the WebUI of the AWS Console).
• The "skill" is automatically enabled on all your personal Alexa Devices, like my Amazon Echo dot at home.
• remember that you can look at the console output in your AWS Cloudwatch section of the AWS console.

当我创建我的第一个Alexa技能时，我是新的node.js，Lambda和Alexa Skills SDK。所以我遇到了一些问题。我想在这里为下一个遇到同样问题的人记录解决方案。

While I created my first Alexa Skill I was new node.js, Lambda and the Alexa Skills SDK. So I ran into a few problems. I'd like to document the solutions here for the next person who runs into the same problem.



1. 当您在进行http get请求时node.js使用 https.get（）你需要为结束回调提供一个处理程序，如 res.on（'end'，function（res）{}）;


2. 当你打电话给 this.emit（'：tell'，'blabla'）; 时，答案会从Lambda脚本发回给Alexa服务。是来自AWS的样本中使用的内容。但是在最终处理程序这个不再是正确的这个，你需要预先存储句柄（我使用mythis做一点歪曲，我相信有更聪明的解决方案，但它确实有效）。


1. When you make an http get request in node.js using https.get() you need to provide a handler for the end callback like res.on('end', function(res) {});
2. The answer is sent back from the Lambda script to the Alexa Service when you call this.emit(':tell', 'blabla'); (this is what is used in the samples from AWS). But in the end-handler "this" isn't the right "this" anymore, you need to store the handle beforehand (I am doing this a little crookedly using mythis, I am sure there are smarter solutions, but it works).

如果我有以下代码片段，我会轻松节省两个小时的调试时间。 ： - ）

I would have easily saved two hours of debugging had I had the following code snippet. :-)

我的示例lambda脚本已经从API中获取了预先格式化的文本。如果您调用XML / JSON或任何API，您需要更多地处理答案。

I my sample the lambda script already gets the preformatted text from the API. If you call an XML/JSON or whatever API you need to work with the answer a bit more.

'use strict';

const Alexa = require('alexa-sdk');
var https = require('https');

const APP_ID = ''; // TODO replace with your app ID (OPTIONAL).

const handlers = {

  'functionwithoutdata': function() {
    var responseString = '';
    var mythis = this;
    https.get('**YOURURL**?**yourparameters**', (res) => {
      console.log('statusCode:', res.statusCode);
      console.log('headers:', res.headers);

      res.on('data', (d) => {
        responseString += d;
      });

      res.on('end', function(res) {
        const speechOutput = responseString;
        console.log('==> Answering: ', speechOutput);
        mythis.emit(':tell', 'The answer is'+speechOutput);
      });
    }).on('error', (e) => {
      console.error(e);
    });
  },

  'functionwithdata': function() {
    var mydata = this.event.request.intent.slots.mydata.value;
    console.log('mydata:', mydata);
    var responseString = '';
    var mythis = this;
    https.get('**YOURURL**?**yourparameters**&mydata=' + mydata, (res) => {
      console.log('statusCode:', res.statusCode);
      console.log('headers:', res.headers);

      res.on('data', (d) => {
        responseString += d;
      });

      res.on('end', function(res) {
        const speechOutput = responseString;
        console.log('==> Answering: ', speechOutput);
        mythis.emit(':tell', 'The answer is'+speechOutput);
      });
    }).on('error', (e) => {
      console.error(e);
    });
  }

};

exports.handler = (event, context) => {
  const alexa = Alexa.handler(event, context);
  alexa.APP_ID = APP_ID;
  alexa.registerHandlers(handlers);
  alexa.execute();
};

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