Python导入优先级：包还是模块？ [英] Python import precedence: packages or modules?

问题描述

我不清楚如何正确命名这个问题。

I wasn't clear how to correctly name this question.

案例1

假设我有以下目录结构。

Assume that I have the following directory structure.

foo
|
+- bar/__init__.py
|
+- bar.py

如果我有

from foo import bar

怎么做我知道正在导入哪个栏（ bar.py 或 bar / __ init __。py ）？有没有简单的方法可以自动检测到这种情况？

How do I know which bar (bar.py or bar/__init__.py) is being imported? Is there any easy way to automatically detect this from occurring?

案例2

foo
|
+- foo.py
|
+- other.py

如果other.py有行

If other.py has the line

import foo

我怎么知道导入了哪个foo（foo或foo.foo）？再次，是否有任何简单的方法可以自动检测到这种情况？

How do I know which foo (foo or foo.foo) is being imported? Again, is tehre any easy way to automatically detect this from occurring?

推荐答案

TLDR;如果一个包位于同一目录中，则它优先于同名模块。

TLDR; a package takes precedence over a module of the same name if they are in the same directory.

来自文档：

导入名为 spam 的模块时，解释程序会搜索名为 spam.py <的文件在当前目录中，然后在环境变量 PYTHONPATH 指定的目录列表中。这与shell变量PATH具有相同的语法，即，一个目录名列表。

"When a module named spam is imported, the interpreter searches for a file named spam.py in the current directory, and then in the list of directories specified by the environment variable PYTHONPATH. This has the same syntax as the shell variable PATH, that is, a list of directory names."

这有点误导，因为解释器也会寻找一个名为<$ c $的包c>垃圾邮件（一个名为垃圾邮件的目录，其中包含 __ init __。py 文件）。由于目录条目在搜索之前已经排序，因此如果它们位于同一目录中，则包优先于具有相同名称的模块，因为 spam 位于垃圾邮件之前。 py 。

This is a bit misleading because the interpreter will also look for a package called spam (a directory called spam containing an __init__.py file). Since the directory entries are sorted before searching, packages take precedence over modules with the same name if they are in the same directory because spam comes before spam.py.

请注意，当前目录是相对于主脚本路径的（ __ name__ == '__main__'为True ）。因此，如果你在 / home / billg 调用 /foo/bar.py ，当前目录指的是 / foo 。

Note that "current directory" is relative to the main script path (the one where __name__ == '__main__' is True). So if you are at /home/billg calling /foo/bar.py, "current directory" refers to /foo.

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