使用__init__继承属性 [英] The inheritance of attributes using __init__

问题描述

我是刚刚开始学习Python的Java人。举个例子：

I'm Java person who just started learning Python. Take this example:

class Person():
    def __init__(self, name, phone):
        self.name = name
        self.phone = phone

class Teenager(Person):
    def __init__(self, name, phone, website):
        self.name=name
        self.phone=phone
        self.website=website

我确定有很多冗余代码（我知道在Java中，上面的代码有很多冗余）。

I'm sure there's a lot of redundant code (I know in Java, there are a lot of redundancies for the bit of code above).

关于哪些属性已从父类继承，哪些部分是多余的？

Which parts are redundant with respect to which attributes are already inherited from the parent class?

推荐答案

在python中为类编写 __ init __ 函数时，你应始终调用其超类的 __ init __ 函数。我们可以使用它将相关属性直接传递给超类，因此您的代码如下所示：

When writing the __init__ function for a class in python, you should always call the __init__ function of its superclass. We can use this to pass the relevant attributes directly to the superclass, so your code would look like this:

class Person(object):
    def __init__(self, name, phone):
        self.name = name
        self.phone = phone
class Teenager(Person):
    def __init__(self, name, phone, website):
        Person.__init__(self, name, phone)
        self.website=website

正如其他人所指出的那样，你可以更换一行

As others have pointed out, you could replace the line

Person.__init__(self, name, phone)

super(Teenager, self).__init__(name, phone)

并且代码将执行相同的操作。这是因为在python instance.method（args）只是 Class.method（instance，args）的简写。如果你想使用 super ，你需要确保指定 object 作为人就像我在我的代码中所做的那样。

and the code will do the same thing. This is because in python instance.method(args) is just shorthand for Class.method(instance, args). If you want use super you need to make sure that you specify object as the base class for Person as I have done in my code.

python文档提供了有关如何使用 super 关键字的更多信息。在这种情况下，重要的是它告诉python在 self 的超类中查找方法 __ init __ 不是青少年

The python documentation has more information about how to use the super keyword. The important thing in this case is that it tells python to look for the method __init__ in a superclass of self that is not Teenager

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