强制子类覆盖父方法 [英] Force child class to override parent's methods

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本文介绍了强制子类覆盖父方法的处理方法,对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值,需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧!

问题描述

假设我有一个带有未实现方法的基类,如下所示:

Suppose I have a base class with unimplemented methods as follows:

class Polygon():
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def perimeter(self):
        pass

    def area(self):
        pass

现在,假设我的一位同事使用Polygon类创建子类,如下所示:

Now, let's say one of my colleagues uses the Polygon class to create a subclass as follows:

import math

class Circle(Polygon):
    def __init__(self, radius):
        self.radius = radius

    def perimeter(self):
        return 2 * math.pi * self.radius

(H / Sh)e忘记实现area()方法。

(H/Sh)e has forgotten to implement the area() method.

如何强制子类实现父的area()方法?

How can I force the subclass to implement the parent's area() method?

推荐答案

这可能是你的父类:

class Polygon():
    def __init__(self):
        raise NotImplementedError

    def perimeter(self):
        raise NotImplementedError

    def area(self):
        raise NotImplementedError

虽然问题只会在运行时发现,但是其中一个子类的实例试图调用其中一种方法。

although the problem will be spotted at runtime only, when one of the instances of the child classes tries to call one of these methods.

另一个版本是使用 abc.abstractmethod

a different version is to use abc.abstractmethod.

from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
import math

class Polygon(metaclass=ABCMeta):

    @abstractmethod
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def perimeter(self):
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def area(self):
        pass

class Circle(Polygon):
    def __init__(self, radius):
        self.radius = radius

    def perimeter(self):
        return 2 * math.pi * self.radius

#    def area(self):
#        return 2 * math.pi * self.radius


c = Circle(9.0)
# TypeError: Can't instantiate abstract class Circle with abstract methods area

如果没有实施所有方法,你将无法实例化 Circle

you will not be able to instantiate a Circle without it having all the methods implemented.

这是 python 3 语法;在 python 2 你需要

class Polygon(object):
    __metaclass__ = ABCMeta






还注意那对于二进制特殊函数 __ eq __(),_ _ lt __(),__ add __(),... 最好是 返回NotImplemented 而不是提出 NotImplementedError

这篇关于强制子类覆盖父方法的文章就介绍到这了,希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持IT屋!

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