完整的iOS应用权限列表 [英] Complete list of iOS app permissions
问题描述
不同的网站（例如）解释iOS权限模型的工作方式如下：所有应用程序都有一组基本权限（包括Internet访问权限）。如果在运行时期间需要其他权限，则会询问用户是授予还是拒绝它。
Different web sites (e.g.) explain that the iOS permission model works like this: All apps have a set of basic permissions (including Internet access). If an additional permission is required during runtime the user is asked whether to grant or deny it.
iOS知道哪些权限？什么属于基本权限集？没有用户同意可以做些什么？基本上我正在寻找一个类似于这个的列表，仅适用于iOS
Which permissions does iOS know? What belongs to the basic permissions set? What can be done without user consent? Basically I am looking for a list similar to this one, just for iOS
推荐答案
与其他答案相比，有一个在运行时提出的官方权限列表。它位于 iOS安全指南（第73页）：
In contrast to other answers, there is an official list of permissions that are asked at runtime. It is in the iOS Security Guide (p. 73):
iOS有助于防止应用未经许可访问用户的个人信息。此外，在设置中，用户可以查看他们允许访问某些信息的应用，以及授予或撤消任何将来的访问权限。这包括访问：
iOS helps prevent apps from accessing a user’s personal information without permission. Additionally, in Settings, users can see which apps they have permitted to access certain information, as well as grant or revoke any future access. This includes access to:
- 联系人
- 日历
- 提醒
- 照片
- 动作活动和健身
- 位置服务
- Apple Music
- 您的音乐和视频活动
- 社交媒体帐户，例如Twitter和Facebook
- 麦克风
- 相机
- HomeKit
- 健康
- 语音识别
- 蓝牙共享
- 您的媒体库
- Contacts
- Calendars
- Reminders
- Photos
- Motion activity and fitness
- Location Services
- Apple Music
- Your music and video activity
- Social media accounts, such as Twitter and Facebook
- Microphone
- Camera
- HomeKit
- Health
- Speech recognition
- Bluetooth sharing
- Your media library
如果用户登录iCloud，则默认授予应用程序访问iCloud Drive的权限。用户可以在设置中控制iCloud下每个应用的访问权限。此外，iOS提供的限制可防止MDM解决方案安装的应用和帐户与用户安装的应用和帐户之间的数据移动。
If the user signs in to iCloud, apps are granted access by default to iCloud Drive. Users may control each app’s access under iCloud in Settings. Additionally, iOS provides restrictions that prevent data movement between apps and accounts installed by an MDM solution and those installed by the user.
自iOS以来10需要提供所请求许可的描述。在框架的开发人员文档中，您将看到是否需要这样的描述并且访问它的API将导致许可提示（或者如果没有给出描述则崩溃），例如，请参阅开发人员的提示联系人框架的文档：
Since iOS 10 it is required to provide a description for the requested permission. In the developer documentation of the frameworks you will see if such a description is required and accessing it's API will lead to an permission prompt (or crash if not description is given), e.g. see the hint in the developer documentation of the Contacts framework:
重要
iOS 10.0上或之后链接的iOS应用必须在其 Info.plist 文件中包含该用法它需要访问的数据类型的描述键，否则会崩溃。要具体访问联系人数据，必须包含 NSContactsUsageDescription 。
An iOS app linked on or after iOS 10.0 must include in its Info.plist file the usage description keys for the types of data it needs to access or it will crash. To access Contacts data specifically, it must include NSContactsUsageDescription.
此外，每个iOS / macOS版本的可用权限的良好来源位于 信息属性列表主要参考 （搜索单词中包含的 UsageDescription 。）
Additionally, a good source of available permissions for each iOS/macOS version is in the Information Property List Key Reference (search for UsageDescription contained in words).
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