交互式Python：虽然正确导入了line_profiler，但无法使`％lprun`正常工作 [英] Interactive Python: cannot get `%lprun` to work, although line_profiler is imported properly
问题描述
大多数iPython魔术函数对我来说都很好：％hist ， ％time ，％prun 等。但是，我注意到％lprun 。
Most iPython "magic functions" work fine for me right off the bat: %hist, %time, %prun, etc. However, I noticed that %lprun could not be found with iPython as I'd installed it originally.
然后我发现我应该安装 line_profiler 模块。我已经安装了这个模块，但似乎仍然无法使魔术功能正常工作。如果我试图调用％lprun ，iPython仍然无法找到该功能。如果我用全名（ line_profiler.magic_lprun ）调用它，可以找到该函数，但我根本无法使用它。下面是我所做的一个例子（从Python for Data Analysis一书中逐步采用）：
I then discovered that I should install the line_profiler module. I have installed this module, but still cannot seem to get the magic function to work correctly. If I attempt to call %lprun, iPython still cannot find the function. If I call it with the full name ( line_profiler.magic_lprun ), the function can be found, but I cannot get it to work at all. Below is an example of what I'd done (which is taken step by step from "Python for Data Analysis" book):
[在：]
def add_and_sum(x, y):
added = x + y
summed = added.sum(axis=1)
return summed
x = randn(3000, 3000)
y = randn(3000, 3000)
add_and_sum(x, y)
有了这个，我得到了一个很好的答案，正如预期的那样：
With this I get a nice answer, as expected:
[Out：]
array([-23.6223074 , -10.08590736, -31.2957222 , ..., -14.17271747,
63.84057725, -50.28469621])
我可以进行分析魔术功能％prun ：
And I can do the profiling magic function %prun:
[在：]
%prun add_and_sum(x, y)
[Out：]
6 function calls in 0.042 seconds
Ordered by: internal time
ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall filename:lineno(function)
1 0.020 0.020 0.029 0.029 <ipython-input-27-19f64f63ba0a>:1(add_and_sum)
1 0.013 0.013 0.042 0.042 <string>:1(<module>)
1 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 {method 'reduce' of 'numpy.ufunc' objects}
1 0.000 0.000 0.009 0.009 _methods.py:16(_sum)
1 0.000 0.000 0.009 0.009 {method 'sum' of 'numpy.ndarray' objects}
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 {method 'disable' of '_lsprof.Profiler' objects}
使用％lprun失败
但是当我尝试％lprun ，我无法得到任何东西：
Fail Using %lprun
But when I try %lprun, I cannot get anything:
[In：]
%lprun -f add_and_sum add_and_sum(x, y)
[Out：]
ERROR: Line magic function `%lprun` not found.
如果我尝试用其标准名称调用该函数，它也不起作用：
And if I try to call the function with its standard name, it also does not work:
[在：]
line_profiler.magic_lprun -f add_and_sum.test test.add_and_sum(x, y)
[Out：]
line_profiler.magic_lprun -f add_and_sum.test test.add_and_sum(x, y)
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
但是图书馆已经正确导入，或者至少这是它所说的：
But the library has been imported properly, or at least this is what it says:
[在：]
line_profiler
[Out：]
<module 'line_profiler' from '/Users/<edit>/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/line_profiler-1.0b3-py2.7-macosx-10.5-x86_64.egg/line_profiler.pyc'>
[In：]
line_profiler.magic_lprun
[Out：]
<function line_profiler.magic_lprun>
似乎有一些额外的东西，我应该配置，以便这些新的魔法功能，我添加可以识别为这样。我无法通过网络搜索找到任何内容。
It seems as if there is something extra that I am supposed to configure so that these new magic functions that I add can be identified as such. I could not find anything via a web search.
我正在运行Spyder作为IDE（仍然使用iPython作为控制台），但我也直接尝试使用iPython和iPython笔记本。我没有任何格式的运气。
I am running Spyder as an IDE (still using iPython as the console), but I have also tried it directly with iPython and with iPython notebook. I have had no luck in any format.
推荐答案
你有两种方法可以做工作％lprun ，一个解决方案是暂时的，即它会持续到你完成 ipython 会话，而另一个是永久性的。
You have two ways to make work %lprun, one solution is temporal, i.e., it lasts until you finish your ipython session, and the other one is permanent.
时间：（如Carlos Cordoba的回答）
Temporal: (as Carlos Cordoba's answer)
启动后 ipython 运行以下内容：
In [1]: %load_ext line_profiler
永久：
将以下行添加到〜/ .ipython / profile_default / ipython_config.py ：
c.TerminalIPythonApp.extensions = [
'line_profiler',
]
如果你不这样做有文件〜/ .ipython / profile_default / ipython_config.py ，你可以创建它（参见这个以获取更多信息）：
If you don't have the file ~/.ipython/profile_default/ipython_config.py, you can create it by (see this for more info):
ipython profile create
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