将python / ipython交互式提示命令的输出重定向到文件或变量 [英] Redirect output of python/ipython interactive prompt commands to files or variables

问题描述

如果我在Python或Ipython命令提示符下执行某个函数，例如'help（dir）'：

If I execute a function at the Python or Ipython command prompt, such as 'help(dir)':

>>> help(dir)
Help on built-in function dir in module __builtin__:

dir(...)
    dir([object]) -> list of strings

    If called without an argument, return the names in the current scope.

我想在文件或变量中捕获结果输出，但是

I'd like to capture the resulting output in a file or variable, but

>>> x = help(dir)        
>>> help(dir) >file.txt   
>>> help(dir) >>file.txt

不起作用。我看到一个相关问题（将输出命令重定向到变量或文件？）尽管它非常复杂，但很难记住，并且不清楚它是否适用于此处。

do not work. I see a related question (Redirect an output command to a variable or file?) though it is awfully complicated, would be difficult to remember on the fly, and it unclear whether it even applies here.

在bash shell中，输出可以用>或2>重定向。看起来在Python或Ipython shell中应该很容易做类似的事情。

In the bash shell, output can be redirected with > or 2>. Seems like it should be easy to do something similar in the Python or Ipython shell.

推荐答案

使用IPython capture_output function

Use IPython capture_output function

In [21]: from IPython.utils import io

In [22]: with io.capture_output() as captured:
   ....:   help(dir)
   ....:   

In [23]: print captured.stdout
Help on built-in function dir in module __builtin__:

dir(...)
    dir([object]) -> list of strings

    If called without an argument, return the names in the current scope.

更新

如果上述解决方案不起作用，您可以使用ipython命令输出捕获功能。例如：

In case above solution does not work, you can use ipython command output capture feature. E.g.:

In [6]: output = !python -c 'help(dir)' | cat

In [7]: output
Out[7]: 
['Help on built-in function dir in module __builtin__:',
 '',
 'dir(...)',
 '    dir([object]) -> list of strings',

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