Java GridBagLayout自动构建 [英] Java GridBagLayout automated construction
问题描述
我使用GridBagLayout和GridBagConstraints设计了一个GUI。它包含可变数量的行，每行包含一些可能的列布局。为了测试代码，我构建了具有不同颜色的面板GUI，用于说明每行和每列中所有单元格的位置和调整大小的行为。这个测试GUI工作正常，但现在我需要自动化它的构造。具体来说，我需要将行作为三种不同类型之一。如果您运行下面的代码并查看生成的GUI，您可以看到row1是一种类型，行2,6和7是另一种类型，而行3,4和5是第三种类型。我需要将这三种类型的每一行封装在自己的类中。更重要的是，我需要我的代码能够创建第三种类型的可变数量的行（在示例中由行3,4和5说明）。 （这适用于数据分析软件。面板将加载数据视图和工具来操作数据视图。）
I designed a GUI using GridBagLayout and GridBagConstraints. It contains a variable number of rows, each with one of a few possible column layouts. To test the code, I comprised the GUI of panels with different colors that illustrate the location and resizing behavior of all the cells in each row and column. This test GUI works fine, but now I need to automate its construction. Specifically, I need the rows to be one of three different types. If you run the code below and look at the resulting GUI, you can see that row1 is one type, rows 2,6,and7 are another type, and rows 3,4,and5 are yet a third type. I need each of these three types of rows to be encapsulated in its own class. What's more, I need my code to be able to create a variable number of rows of the third type (illustrated by rows 3,4,and5 in the example). (This is for data analysis software. The panels will load data views and tools for manipulating the data views.)
当我尝试将行封装到自己的类中时， GUI停止看起来应该看起来。下面的测试代码以它应该看起来的方式生成GUI布局。任何人都可以告诉我如何更改此代码，以便它具有上面第一段中描述的功能吗？
When I try to encapsulate the rows into their own classes, the GUI stops looking like it should look. The test code below generates a GUI layout the way that it should look. Can anyone show me how to alter this code so that it has the functionality described in the first paragraph above?
您可以将我的测试代码粘贴到您的IDE中以获取它马上工作。测试代码分为两个单独的文件，如下所示：
You can just paste my test code below into your IDE to get it working right away. The test code is in two separate files, as follows:
GridBagLayoutDemo.java的代码是：
The code for GridBagLayoutDemo.java is:
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
public class GridBagLayoutDemo {
final static boolean RIGHT_TO_LEFT = false;
public static void addComponentsToPane(Container pane) {
if (RIGHT_TO_LEFT) {pane.setComponentOrientation(ComponentOrientation.RIGHT_TO_LEFT);}
pane.setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
// top row (fill, gridx, gridy, gridwidth 1, weightx 0, weighty 0, ipady 0)
TestPanel panelr1c1 = new TestPanel(Color.black);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r1c1 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.NONE,0,0,1,0,0,0);
pane.add(panelr1c1,constraint_r1c1);
TestPanel panelr1c2 = new TestPanel(Color.blue);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r1c2 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL,1,0,1,0.8,0,0);
pane.add(panelr1c2,constraint_r1c2);
TestPanel panelr1c2a = new TestPanel(Color.green);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r1c2a = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL,2,0,1,0.8,0,0);
pane.add(panelr1c2a,constraint_r1c2a);
TestPanel panelr1c3 = new TestPanel(Color.red);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r1c3 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.NONE,3,0,1,0,0,0);
pane.add(panelr1c3,constraint_r1c3);
TestPanel panelr1c4 = new TestPanel(Color.blue);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r1c4 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.NONE,4,0,1,0,0,0);
pane.add(panelr1c4,constraint_r1c4);
// second row (fill, gridx, gridy, gridwidth 1, weightx 0, weighty 0, ipady 0)
TestPanel panelr2c1 = new TestPanel(Color.magenta);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r2c1 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.NONE,0,1,1,0,0,0);
pane.add(panelr2c1,constraint_r2c1);
TestPanel panelr2c2 = new TestPanel(Color.pink);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r2c2 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL,1,1,2,1.0,0,0);
pane.add(panelr2c2,constraint_r2c2);
TestPanel panelr2c3 = new TestPanel(Color.black);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r2c3 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.NONE,3,1,1,0,0,0);
pane.add(panelr2c3,constraint_r2c3);
TestPanel panelr2c4 = new TestPanel(Color.pink);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r2c4 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.NONE,4,1,1,0,0,0);
pane.add(panelr2c4,constraint_r2c4);
// third row (fill, gridx, gridy, gridwidth 1, weightx 0, weighty 0, ipady 0)
TestPanel panelr3c1 = new TestPanel(Color.gray);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r3c1 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL,0,2,1,0,0.5,40);
pane.add(panelr3c1,constraint_r3c1);
TestPanel panelr3c2 = new TestPanel(Color.orange);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r3c2 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.BOTH,1,2,2,1.0,0.5,40);
pane.add(panelr3c2,constraint_r3c2);
TestPanel panelr3c3 = new TestPanel(Color.red);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r3c3 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL,3,2,1,0,0.5,40);
pane.add(panelr3c3,constraint_r3c3);
TestPanel panelr3c4 = new TestPanel(Color.orange);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r3c4 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL,4,2,1,0,0.5,40);
pane.add(panelr3c4,constraint_r3c4);
// fourth row (fill, gridx, gridy, gridwidth 1, weightx 0, weighty 0, ipady 0)
TestPanel panelr4c1 = new TestPanel(Color.black);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r4c1 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL,0,3,1,0,0.5,40);
pane.add(panelr4c1,constraint_r4c1);
TestPanel panelr4c2 = new TestPanel(Color.white);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r4c2 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.BOTH,1,3,2,1.0,0.5,40);
pane.add(panelr4c2,constraint_r4c2);
TestPanel panelr4c3 = new TestPanel(Color.green);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r4c3 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL,3,3,1,0,0.5,40);
pane.add(panelr4c3,constraint_r4c3);
TestPanel panelr4c4 = new TestPanel(Color.blue);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r4c4 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL,4,3,1,0,0.5,40);
pane.add(panelr4c4,constraint_r4c4);
// fifth row (fill, gridx, gridy, gridwidth 1, weightx 0, weighty 0, ipady 0)
TestPanel panelr5c1 = new TestPanel(Color.darkGray);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r5c1 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL,0,4,1,0,0.5,40);
pane.add(panelr5c1,constraint_r5c1);
TestPanel panelr5c2 = new TestPanel(Color.yellow);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r5c2 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.BOTH,1,4,2,1.0,0.5,40);
pane.add(panelr5c2,constraint_r5c2);
TestPanel panelr5c3 = new TestPanel(Color.white);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r5c3 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL,3,4,1,0,0.5,40);
pane.add(panelr5c3,constraint_r5c3);
TestPanel panelr5c4 = new TestPanel(Color.orange);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r5c4 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL,4,4,1,0,0.5,40);
pane.add(panelr5c4,constraint_r5c4);
// sixth row (fill, gridx, gridy, gridwidth 1, weightx 0, weighty 0, ipady 0)
TestPanel panelr6c1 = new TestPanel(Color.green);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r6c1 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.NONE,0,5,1,0,0,0);
pane.add(panelr6c1,constraint_r6c1);
TestPanel panelr6c2 = new TestPanel(Color.blue);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r6c2 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL,1,5,2,1.0,0,0);
pane.add(panelr6c2,constraint_r6c2);
TestPanel panelr6c3 = new TestPanel(Color.red);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r6c3 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.NONE,3,5,1,0,0,0);
pane.add(panelr6c3,constraint_r6c3);
TestPanel panelr6c4 = new TestPanel(Color.black);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r6c4 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.NONE,4,5,1,0,0,0);
pane.add(panelr6c4,constraint_r6c4);
// seventh row (fill, gridx, gridy, gridwidth 1, weightx 0, weighty 0, ipady 0)
TestPanel panelr7c1 = new TestPanel(Color.darkGray);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r7c1 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.NONE,0,6,1,0,0,0);
pane.add(panelr7c1,constraint_r7c1);
TestPanel panelr7c2 = new TestPanel(Color.white);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r7c2 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL,1,6,2,1.0,0,0);
pane.add(panelr7c2,constraint_r7c2);
TestPanel panelr7c3 = new TestPanel(Color.yellow);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r7c3 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.NONE,3,6,1,0,0,0);
pane.add(panelr7c3,constraint_r7c3);
TestPanel panelr7c4 = new TestPanel(Color.green);
GridBagConstraints constraint_r7c4 = getGridBagConstraints(GridBagConstraints.NONE,4,6,1,0,0,0);
pane.add(panelr7c4,constraint_r7c4);
}
// Create the GUI and show it. For thread safety, this method should be invoked from the event-dispatching thread.
private static void createAndShowGUI() {
//Create and set up the window.
JFrame frame = new JFrame("GridBagConstraint Practice");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//Set up the content pane.
addComponentsToPane(frame.getContentPane());
//Display the window.
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Schedule a job for the event-dispatching thread: creating and showing this application's GUI.
javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {public void run() {createAndShowGUI();}});
}
private static GridBagConstraints getGridBagConstraints(int fill, int gridx, int gridy, int gridwidth, double weightx, double weighty, int ipady){
GridBagConstraints myGridBagConstraints = new GridBagConstraints();
myGridBagConstraints.fill=fill;
myGridBagConstraints.gridx=gridx;
myGridBagConstraints.gridy=gridy;
myGridBagConstraints.gridwidth=gridwidth;
myGridBagConstraints.weightx=weightx;
myGridBagConstraints.weighty=weighty;
myGridBagConstraints.ipady=ipady;
return myGridBagConstraints;
}
}
TestPanel.java的代码是：
The code for TestPanel.java is:
import java.awt.Color;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
public class TestPanel extends JPanel {
public TestPanel (Color myColor){this.setBackground(myColor);}
}
推荐答案
Swing布局的规则1：无论你做什么，都不要使用GridBagLayout 。 GridBagLayout在1998年很好。它的设计有问题，它有缺陷，而且还没有进化。代码非常冗长，难以编写，难以理解且难以维护。
Rule number 1 for Swing layouts: Whatever you do, do not use GridBagLayout. GridBagLayout was fine in 1998. Its design is problematic, it is buggy, and it has not evolved. Code is extremely verbose, hard to write, hard to understand and hard to maintain.
我建议 MigLayout ，它是我见过的最通用，最直观的布局管理器。看看MigLayout网站上的快速入门指南，它比GridBagLayout要困难得多，而且要强大得多。以下是您在MigLayout中的示例，我已经向您展示了如何重构行类型：
I recommend MigLayout, it's the most versatile and intuitive layout manager I have seen. Look at the quick start guide on the MigLayout site, it's a lot less difficult than GridBagLayout and much more powerful. Here is your example in in MigLayout and I've shown you how to refactor your row types:
import net.miginfocom.swing.MigLayout;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class GridBagLayoutDemo {
final static boolean RIGHT_TO_LEFT = false;
public static void addComponentsToPane(Container pane) {
if (RIGHT_TO_LEFT) {
pane.setComponentOrientation(ComponentOrientation.RIGHT_TO_LEFT);
}
pane.setLayout(new MigLayout("insets 0, gap 0, wrap", "[][fill, grow][fill, grow][][]", "[fill]"));
addType1(pane, Color.BLACK, Color.BLUE, Color.GREEN, Color.RED, Color.BLUE);
addType2(pane, Color.MAGENTA, Color.PINK, Color.BLACK, Color.PINK);
addType3(pane, Color.GRAY, Color.ORANGE, Color.RED, Color.ORANGE);
addType3(pane, Color.BLACK, Color.WHITE, Color.GREEN, Color.BLUE);
addType3(pane, Color.DARK_GRAY, Color.YELLOW, Color.WHITE, Color.ORANGE);
addType2(pane, Color.GREEN, Color.BLUE, Color.RED, Color.BLACK);
addType2(pane, Color.DARK_GRAY, Color.WHITE, Color.YELLOW, Color.GREEN);
}
private static void addType1(Container pane, Color c1, Color c2, Color c3, Color c4, Color c5) {
pane.add(new TestPanel(c1));
pane.add(new TestPanel(c2));
pane.add(new TestPanel(c3));
pane.add(new TestPanel(c4));
pane.add(new TestPanel(c5));
}
private static void addType2(Container pane, Color c1, Color c2, Color c3, Color c4) {
pane.add(new TestPanel(c1));
pane.add(new TestPanel(c2), "spanx 2");
pane.add(new TestPanel(c3));
pane.add(new TestPanel(c4));
}
private static void addType3(Container pane, Color c1, Color c2, Color c3, Color c4) {
pane.add(new TestPanel(c1));
pane.add(new TestPanel(c2), "spanx 2, pushy, hmin pref+40");
pane.add(new TestPanel(c3));
pane.add(new TestPanel(c4));
}
private static void createAndShowGUI() {
JFrame frame = new JFrame("MigLayout Practice");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
addComponentsToPane(frame.getContentPane());
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
createAndShowGUI();
}
});
}
}
class TestPanel extends JPanel {
public TestPanel(Color myColor) {
this.setBackground(myColor);
}
}
这会产生与您的示例完全相同的布局。可能你想要 hmin 40 而不是 hmin pref + 40 ，后者产生与设置ipady = 40相同的结果GridBagConstraints。
This yields the exact same layout as your example. Probably you want hmin 40 instead of hmin pref+40, the latter produces the same result as setting ipady=40 in GridBagConstraints.
请使用Color类中的大写常量，小写常量应该被弃用。
And please use the upper case constants in the Color class, the lower-case constants should really be deprecated.
对于想知道这种布局是什么样的人来说，这里是：
For anyone who wonders what this layout looks like, here it is:
这篇关于Java GridBagLayout自动构建的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！
