Java：以JSON响应的简单HTTP Server应用程序 [英] Java: Simple HTTP Server application that responds in JSON

问题描述

我想用Java创建一个非常简单的HTTP服务器应用程序。

I want to create a very simple HTTP server application in Java.

例如，如果我在端口 localhost 上运行服务器 8080 ，我从我的浏览器进行以下调用，我希望得到一个带有字符串'hello world！'的Json数组：

For example, if I run the server on localhost in port 8080, and I make to following call from my browser, I want to get a Json array with the string 'hello world!':

http://localhost:8080/func1?param1=123&param2=456

我想在服务器中看到这样的内容（非常抽象的代码）：

I would like to have in the server something that looks like this (very abstract code):

// Retunrs JSON String
String func1(String param1, String param2) {
    // Do Something with the params
    String jsonFormattedResponse = "['hello world!']";

    return jsonFormattedResponse;
}

我想这个函数实际上不应该返回json，而是使用一些HTTP响应处理程序或类似的东西发送它...

I guess that this function should not actually "return" the json, but to send it using some HTTP response handler or something similar...

最简单的方法是什么，而不需要熟悉多种第三方库有特殊功能和方法吗？

What it the simplest way to do it, without a need to get familiar with many kinds of 3rd party libraries that have special features and methodology?

推荐答案

您可以使用包中的类 com.sun。 net.httpserver ：

You could use classes from the package com.sun.net.httpserver:

import com.sun.net.httpserver.Headers;
import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpServer;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class JsonServer {
    private static final String HOSTNAME = "localhost";
    private static final int PORT = 8080;
    private static final int BACKLOG = 1;

    private static final String HEADER_ALLOW = "Allow";
    private static final String HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE = "Content-Type";

    private static final Charset CHARSET = StandardCharsets.UTF_8;

    private static final int STATUS_OK = 200;
    private static final int STATUS_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;

    private static final int NO_RESPONSE_LENGTH = -1;

    private static final String METHOD_GET = "GET";
    private static final String METHOD_OPTIONS = "OPTIONS";
    private static final String ALLOWED_METHODS = METHOD_GET + "," + METHOD_OPTIONS;

    public static void main(final String... args) throws IOException {
        final HttpServer server = HttpServer.create(new InetSocketAddress(HOSTNAME, PORT), BACKLOG);
        server.createContext("/func1", he -> {
            try {
                final Headers headers = he.getResponseHeaders();
                final String requestMethod = he.getRequestMethod().toUpperCase();
                switch (requestMethod) {
                    case METHOD_GET:
                        final Map<String, List<String>> requestParameters = getRequestParameters(he.getRequestURI());
                        // do something with the request parameters
                        final String responseBody = "['hello world!']";
                        headers.set(HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE, String.format("application/json; charset=%s", CHARSET));
                        final byte[] rawResponseBody = responseBody.getBytes(CHARSET);
                        he.sendResponseHeaders(STATUS_OK, rawResponseBody.length);
                        he.getResponseBody().write(rawResponseBody);
                        break;
                    case METHOD_OPTIONS:
                        headers.set(HEADER_ALLOW, ALLOWED_METHODS);
                        he.sendResponseHeaders(STATUS_OK, NO_RESPONSE_LENGTH);
                        break;
                    default:
                        headers.set(HEADER_ALLOW, ALLOWED_METHODS);
                        he.sendResponseHeaders(STATUS_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, NO_RESPONSE_LENGTH);
                        break;
                }
            } finally {
                he.close();
            }
        });
        server.start();
    }

    private static Map<String, List<String>> getRequestParameters(final URI requestUri) {
        final Map<String, List<String>> requestParameters = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        final String requestQuery = requestUri.getRawQuery();
        if (requestQuery != null) {
            final String[] rawRequestParameters = requestQuery.split("[&;]", -1);
            for (final String rawRequestParameter : rawRequestParameters) {
                final String[] requestParameter = rawRequestParameter.split("=", 2);
                final String requestParameterName = decodeUrlComponent(requestParameter[0]);
                requestParameters.putIfAbsent(requestParameterName, new ArrayList<>());
                final String requestParameterValue = requestParameter.length > 1 ? decodeUrlComponent(requestParameter[1]) : null;
                requestParameters.get(requestParameterName).add(requestParameterValue);
            }
        }
        return requestParameters;
    }

    private static String decodeUrlComponent(final String urlComponent) {
        try {
            return URLDecoder.decode(urlComponent, CHARSET.name());
        } catch (final UnsupportedEncodingException ex) {
            throw new InternalError(ex);
        }
    }
}

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