进程的内存使用情况和电池消耗的Android的关系 [英] Correlation between Memory Usage of Processes and battery Consumption Android
问题描述
我终于想出了一个办法让TotalPss针对单个进程。现在我所关心的是，如何找到每个Android的过程中的电池消耗，如果有发现出的没有直接的方法，就是有每个进程的内存占用和电池消耗之间的关系？任何研究论文，我可以考虑是什么？
I've finally figured out a way to get TotalPss for individual processes. Now what I am concerned about is, how to find battery consumption per android process, and if there is no direct way of finding that out, is there any correlation between the memory usage per process and the battery consumption? Any research paper that I can look into for that?
推荐答案
是的，有内存使用量呈正相关关系，无论从内存的访问次数，以及能源消耗。换言之，更多的存储器被访问时，更多的能量将被消耗掉。
Yes, there is a positive correlation between memory usage, in terms of number of memory accesses, and energy consumption. In other words, the more memory is accessed, the more energy will be consumed.
但是，能量的消耗主要由其他硬件组件的能量使用，该应用程序与（例如，CPU，显示，收音机，全球定位系统等），其通过Android平台API执行相互作用支配，虚拟机，操作系统。这是因为存储器是不是在真空中使用，并且研究显示时相比，用作一个应用程序正在执行的其他硬件组件的RAM消耗相对少的能量。换句话说，如果存储器访问发生，其因为CPU正在执行，这将消耗更多的能量比如果CPU处于空闲状态。
However, the consumption of energy is largely dominated by the energy usage of the other hardware components that the application is interacting with (e.g., CPU, display, radios, GPS, etc.) as its executing via the Android platform APIs, virtual machine, and OS. This is because memory isn't used in a vacuum, and research has shown that RAM consumes relatively little energy when compared to other hardware components used as an app is executing. In other words, if a memory access is occurring, its because the CPU is executing, which consumes more energy than if the CPU was in an idle state.
例如，基于对HTC梦（G1）和Nexus One设备的测试考虑这下面的报价，从：
For example, consider this following quote based on tests on the HTC Dream (G1) and Nexus One devices, from:
[29]亚伦卡罗尔和的Gernot海舍尔，耗电量的智能手机的分析，psented在2010年USENIX会议记录上USENIX年度技术会议上$ P $，马萨诸塞州波士顿，2010年的 http://www.nicta.com.au/pub?doc=3587
[29] Aaron Carroll and Gernot Heiser, "An analysis of power consumption in a smartphone," presented at the Proceedings of the 2010 USENIX conference on USENIX annual technical conference, Boston, MA, 2010. http://www.nicta.com.au/pub?doc=3587
的RAM中，音频和FL灰子系统一致显示最低的功耗。虽然我们的微基准测试表明，SD卡的峰值功率可能是巨大的（50毫瓦），在实践中，利用足够低。这样，平均而言，可忽略不计的功率消耗，即使视频播放，移动设备的更多的数据密集型应用之一，表现出的SD功率远低于总功率的1％的RAM具有相似的特性;微基准测试表明，RAM功率可以超过一定的工作负载的CPU功率，但在实际情况下，CPU电源通过两个或更多倍遮蔽RAM中。音频显示在28-34毫瓦的范围内的主要的静态功耗。总体而言，RAM，音频和SD影响不大关于该装置的电力消耗，因此，几乎无法提供潜在的能量优化。的
由于这等论文说（见我的完整的参考名单，在这篇文章的末尾），能源消耗依赖于应用程序用例场景，以及使用其它硬件组件的执行通过在次数和时间两者的应用程序和正在上下文切换，输出，您的应用程序执行的其他应用程序。
As this and other papers say (see my full reference list at the end of this post), energy consumption depends on application use-case scenarios, and the frequency and duration of the use of other hardware components during execution by both your application and other applications that are being context-switched in and out as your app executes.
这是纯粹的软件测量能源消耗是非常困难的。通过Kristopher提到的EPOF纸可能是最近期的和完整的努力，我已经看到了这方面的：
Measuring energy consumption purely from software is very difficult. The Epof paper mentioned by Kristopher is probably the most recent and complete effort I've seen in this area:
[38]阿比纳夫·帕塔克，Y.查理胡明章（2012年），在EuroSys'12，瑞士伯尔尼四月10-13日2012年<细粒度能源核算与Eprof智能手机，一href="http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/people/mzh/eurosys-2012.pdf">http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/people/mzh/eurosys-2012.pdf
[38] Abhinav Pathak, Y. Charlie Hu, and Ming Zhang (2012), "Fine Grained Energy Accounting on Smartphones with Eprof," in EuroSys'12, Bern, Switzerland, April 10-13, 2012. http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/people/mzh/eurosys-2012.pdf
由于2012年初的作者都计划发布自己的软件作为开源在今年晚些时候，但我不知道这个目前维持。
As of early 2012 the authors were planning on releasing their software as open-source later in the year, but I don't know where this currently stands.
另一篇文章探讨的是，所生产的 PowerTutor应用程序之一谷歌播放，这是密歇根大学和谷歌之间的合作：
Another paper to examine is the one that produced the PowerTutor app on Google Play, which was a collaboration between the University of Michigan and Google:
[34]李德璋，Birjodh Tiwana，志云钱，兆光王，罗伯特P.迪克，Zhuoqing莫利毛，雷阳，精确的在线功耗估算和自动根据电池电力的行为模型生成的智能手机，presented在对硬件/软件codesign和系统合成，亚利桑那州斯科茨代尔，美国，2010年<第八IEEE / ACM / IFIP国际会议论文集一href="http://static.googleusercontent.com/external_content/untrusted_dlcp/research.google.com/en/us/pubs/archive/39990.pdf">http://static.googleusercontent.com/external_content/untrusted_dlcp/research.google.com/en/us/pubs/archive/39990.pdf
[34] Lide Zhang, Birjodh Tiwana, Zhiyun Qian, Zhaoguang Wang, Robert P. Dick, Zhuoqing Morley Mao, and Lei Yang, "Accurate online power estimation and automatic battery behavior based power model generation for smartphones," presented at the Proceedings of the eighth IEEE/ACM/IFIP international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA, 2010. http://static.googleusercontent.com/external_content/untrusted_dlcp/research.google.com/en/us/pubs/archive/39990.pdf
他们这样做仅软件能源使用建模，而是以产生精确的结果模型必须首先不仅仅是软件使用更多特定设备上开发的。
They do software-only energy usage modeling, but to produce accurate results a model must first be developed on a particular device using more than just software.
如果你问左右的内存由进程和能耗消费量之间的关系，我不记得跨此次所测定具体的论文来了。然而，典型我认为具有较大的内存消耗，也需要更多的CPU周期的方法来执行，利用此存储器，这将导致更大的能量消耗。
If you're asking about the correlation between the amount of memory consumed by a process and energy usage, I don't recall coming across a paper that measured this specifically. However, typically I would think that a process with larger memory consumption would also require more CPU cycles to execute to utilize this memory, which would result in larger energy consumption.
我包裹起来我的论文的智能手机软件，今年早些时候，以节约能源为基于位置的服务，并宣读了一堆论文在移动能源消耗和分析的过程中。下面是我引以为还讨论了常规能源消耗的移动应用程序上下文的引用，以防它们是有用的。
I wrapped up my dissertation on intelligent mobile software to conserve energy for location-based services earlier this year, and read a bunch of papers on mobile energy consumption and profiling in the process. Below are the references I cited that also discuss general energy consumption in context of mobile apps, in case they are useful.
[26]杰夫Sharkley（2009年），编码为生活 - 电池寿命，也就是在谷歌I / O 2009年，加利福尼亚州旧金山，5月27日，2009年<一href="http://www.google.com/events/io/2009/sessions/CodingLifeBatteryLife.html">http://www.google.com/events/io/2009/sessions/CodingLifeBatteryLife.html
[26] Jeff Sharkley (2009), "Coding for Life--Battery Life, That Is," in Google I/O 2009, San Francisco, CA, May 27, 2009. http://www.google.com/events/io/2009/sessions/CodingLifeBatteryLife.html
[27]罗伯特·梅奥和Parthasarathy阮冈纳赞，在移动设备能源消耗：为什么未来的系统需要要求感知能源规模化发展下 - 功率意识的计算机系统。卷。 3164，B。Falsafi和T. VijayKumar，编辑，主编：斯普林格柏林/海德堡，2005年，页301-463。 http://goo.gl/8ClFQ
[27] Robert Mayo and Parthasarathy Ranganathan, "Energy Consumption in Mobile Devices: Why Future Systems Need Requirements–Aware Energy Scale-Down - Power-Aware Computer Systems." Vol. 3164, B. Falsafi and T. VijayKumar, Eds., ed: Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2005, pp. 301-463. http://goo.gl/8ClFQ
[28]博世杰拉德哈维和米卡Kuulusa，优化手机软件与内置电源剖析：施普林格，2007 http://goo.gl / YlNmU
[28] Gerard Bosch Creus and Mika Kuulusa, Optimizing Mobile Software with Built-in Power Profiling: Springer, 2007. http://goo.gl/YlNmU
[29]亚伦卡罗尔和的Gernot海舍尔，耗电量的智能手机的分析，psented在2010年USENIX会议记录上USENIX年度技术会议上$ P $，马萨诸塞州波士顿，2010年的 http://www.nicta.com.au/pub?doc=3587
[29] Aaron Carroll and Gernot Heiser, "An analysis of power consumption in a smartphone," presented at the Proceedings of the 2010 USENIX conference on USENIX annual technical conference, Boston, MA, 2010. http://www.nicta.com.au/pub?doc=3587
[30]阿基尔Mahesri和Vibhore Vardhan，在一个现代的笔记本电脑功耗细分 - 功率意识的计算机系统卷。 3471，B。Falsafi和T. VijayKumar，编辑，主编：斯普林格柏林/海德堡，2005年，页165-180。 http://goo.gl/D7XDL
[30] Aqeel Mahesri and Vibhore Vardhan, "Power Consumption Breakdown on a Modern Laptop - Power-Aware Computer Systems." Vol. 3471, B. Falsafi and T. VijayKumar, Eds., ed: Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2005, pp. 165-180. http://goo.gl/D7XDL
[31]拉杰什同德，阿吉特·辛格和Kshirasagar奈克，造型的便携式无线设备，应用能源成本presented在对无线建模，分析和模拟的第11届国际研讨会的论文集和移动通信系统，温哥华，不列颠哥伦比亚省，加拿大，2008年。 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm？ ID = 1454562
[31] Rajesh Palit, Ajit Singh, and Kshirasagar Naik, "Modeling the energy cost of applications on portable wireless devices," presented at the Proceedings of the 11th international symposium on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 2008. http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1454562
[32] T.法瑞尔，R.兰格，和K. Rothermel（2007年），在移动和普适系统与早期的基于距离的报告的移动物体，高能效跟踪：网络与放大器;服务，2007年MobiQuitous 2007年第四届国际上，第1-8页，8月六日至10号2007。<一个会议href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4450984&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D4450984">http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4450984&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D4450984
[32] T. Farrell, R. Lange, and K. Rothermel (2007), "Energy-efficient Tracking of Mobile Objects with Early Distance-based Reporting," in Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Networking & Services, 2007. MobiQuitous 2007. Fourth Annual International Conference on, pp. 1-8, 6-10 Aug. 2007. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4450984&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D4450984
[34]李德璋，Birjodh Tiwana，志云钱，兆光王，罗伯特P.迪克，Zhuoqing莫利毛，雷阳，精确的在线功耗估算和自动根据电池电力的行为模型生成的智能手机，presented在对硬件/软件codesign和系统合成，亚利桑那州斯科茨代尔，美国，2010年<第八IEEE / ACM / IFIP国际会议论文集一href="http://static.googleusercontent.com/external_content/untrusted_dlcp/research.google.com/en/us/pubs/archive/39990.pdf">http://static.googleusercontent.com/external_content/untrusted_dlcp/research.google.com/en/us/pubs/archive/39990.pdf
[34] Lide Zhang, Birjodh Tiwana, Zhiyun Qian, Zhaoguang Wang, Robert P. Dick, Zhuoqing Morley Mao, and Lei Yang, "Accurate online power estimation and automatic battery behavior based power model generation for smartphones," presented at the Proceedings of the eighth IEEE/ACM/IFIP international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA, 2010. http://static.googleusercontent.com/external_content/untrusted_dlcp/research.google.com/en/us/pubs/archive/39990.pdf
[35] J. Eberle的和GP在消费通信Perrucci（2011），能源测量活动对国家的最先进的智能手机定位方法，和网络会议（CCNC），IEEE 2011，第937 -941，1月9日至一十二日2011年<一href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5766645&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D5766645">http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5766645&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D5766645
[35] J. Eberle and G. P. Perrucci (2011), "Energy measurements campaign for positioning methods on State-of-the-Art smartphones," in Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC), 2011 IEEE, pp. 937-941, 9-12 Jan. 2011. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5766645&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D5766645
[36] M. Kjaergaard（2012），最大限度地减少基于位置的服务对手机的功耗，普适计算，IEEE，卷。 11页67-73。 http://goo.gl/ymJuZ
[36] M. Kjaergaard (2012), "Minimizing the Power Consumption of Location-Based Services on Mobile Phones," Pervasive Computing, IEEE, Vol. 11 pp. 67-73. http://goo.gl/ymJuZ
[38]阿比纳夫·帕塔克，Y.查理胡明章（2012年），在EuroSys'12，瑞士伯尔尼四月10-13日2012年<细粒度能源核算与Eprof智能手机，一href="http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/people/mzh/eurosys-2012.pdf">http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/people/mzh/eurosys-2012.pdf
[38] Abhinav Pathak, Y. Charlie Hu, and Ming Zhang (2012), "Fine Grained Energy Accounting on Smartphones with Eprof," in EuroSys'12, Bern, Switzerland, April 10-13, 2012. http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/people/mzh/eurosys-2012.pdf
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