JS中的组合和混合 [英] Compostions and mixins in JS

问题描述

我在作曲和 mixin 时遇到了一些麻烦。
例如，让我们假设我们有一个AHero和Hero1对象。
所有英雄都可以移动，所以AHero.move（）是一个东西。
现在，在开发的那一刻，我想添加昏迷和beStunned的可能性。所以我创建了一个看起来像这样的新对象（称为stunTrait）：

I got some trouble with compostions and mixin. For examples, lets imagine that we have a AHero and Hero1 object. All heroes can move, so AHero.move() is a thing. And now, at a moment of the dev, I want to add the possibility to stun and beStunned. So I make a new object that look like this ( called stunTrait) :

{
stunned : false,
stun(),
beStun,
}

我决定让英雄们感到震惊和震惊。所以我做了一个混音：
类AHero扩展了stunTrait（超类）。

And I decide to give to possiblity to heroes to stun and beStunned. So I do a mixin : class AHero extends stunTrait(superclass).

现在我想要一个震惊的英雄无法移动。
所以在Ahero：

Now I want that a stunned hero can not move. So in Ahero :

move(){
if(this.stunned) return;
...
}

后来我发现晕眩是一个坏主意所以我决定停止实施stunTrait。现在我必须在我的Ahero课堂上找到所有令人震惊的事情，这有时会很难，如果孩子们用这些眩晕的东西做其他事情，那就更难了。

Later I find out stun was a bad idea, so I decide to stop implementing the stunTrait. And now I must find all stunned things in my Ahero class, and this can be sometimes hard, and even harder if child class did some other things with this stun stuff.

有没有办法避免这种情况？更好的设计？

Is there a way to avoid that ? A better design ?

class Object{
  constructor(x,y){
    this.x = x
    this.y = y
  }
}

class AHero extends stunTrait(Object){
  constructor(x,y,moveSpeed){
    this.moveSpeed = moveSpeed;
  }

  move(){
    super.move();
    this.speed = moveSpeed;
  }
}

class hero1 extends AHero{
  constructor(x,y,moveSpeed){ }
}

let stunTrait = function(object){
  return class extends object{
    constructor(...args) {
      super(...args);

      this.stunned = false;
    }

    move(){
      if(this.stunned) this.speed = 0;
    }
  }
}

let hero = new hero1(40, 50, 100);
hero.stunned = true;
hero.move();
// This work, bcs AHero.move() is called before stunTrait.move()
// but if for some reason, I decide that only hero1 should have stunTrait
// So : class hero1 extends stunTrait(AHero)
// stunTrait.move() will be called after, so stunned will not be applied
// How make compostion without breaking inheritance ?

推荐答案

OP给出的设计决定针对的是移动已经从类侧实施的行为。

The OP's given design decision targets the modification of the move behavior that already has been implemented from the class side.

因此 stun 行为不仅负责实现其 stun 特定的状态处理，还必须决定是否和/或如何更改移动行为的控制流程。

Thus a stun behavior is not only responsible for implementing its stun specific state handling, it also has to decide whether and/or how to change a move behavior's control flow.

为此依赖现有的实现，不仅 move ，还依赖于 setSpeed 。

For this it relies on existing implementations not only of move but also on setSpeed.

mixin的概念实际上不适合OP的方法，只是将其他行为混合到其他对象中。但是给定的特殊情况也必须处理 move 的命名冲突。这就是特征所针对的东西。

The concept of mixins really does not fit with the OP's approach for it just mixes additional behavior into other objects. But the given special case has to handle the naming conflict of move too. And that's something what traits are for.

如果在JavaScript中，曾经有一个真正支持的适用类型必须具备两种成分特性和对象组成，以及方法修改，可能的解决方案看起来可能类似于下一个提供的解决方案。

If, in JavaScript, there once was a real support for applicable types which have to be capable of both kinds of composition trait- and object-composition, as well as of method modification, a possible solution might look similar to the next provided one.

const withStunBehavior = Trait.create(function (use, applicator) {

  function moveInterceptor(proceedMove, interceptor, argsArray) {
  //console.log("withStunBehavior::moveInterceptor - this.isStunned() : ", this.isStunned());
    if (this.isStunned()) {

      this.setSpeed(0);
    }/* else {
      return proceedMove.call(this);
    }*/
    return proceedMove.call(this);
  }

  applicator(function (isStunnedValue) {
    isStunnedValue = !!isStunnedValue;
  //console.log("withStunBehavior::applicator - isStunnedValue : ", isStunnedValue);

    this.beStun = function beStun () {
      isStunnedValue = true;
    };
    this.unban = function unban () {
      isStunnedValue = false;
    };
    this.isStunned = function isStunned () {
      return isStunnedValue;
    };

  }).requires([

    "setSpeed",
    "move"

  ]).around(

    "move", moveInterceptor
  );
});


class AHero {
  constructor(stateValue) {
    var
      aHero = this;

    aHero.getSpeed = function getSpeed () {
      return stateValue.moveSpeed;
    };
    aHero.setSpeed = function setSpeed (speedValue) {
      return (stateValue.moveSpeed = speedValue);
    };

    // withStunBehavior.call(aHero);
  }
  move() {
    var
      speedValue = this.getSpeed();

    if (speedValue === 0) {
      console.log("Hero does not move at all. Its speed is " + speedValue + ".");
    } else {
      console.log("Hero moves with speed " + speedValue + ".");
    }
    return speedValue;
  }
}


class AHeroWithStunBehavior extends AHero {

  constructor(stateValue) {
    super(stateValue);

    withStunBehavior.call(this);
  }
}


var
  hero = new AHero({ x: 0, y: 0, moveSpeed: 200 });

console.log("\n");
console.log("hero.getSpeed() : ", hero.getSpeed());
console.log("hero.move() : ", hero.move());
console.log("\n");
console.log("hero.setSpeed(0) : ", hero.setSpeed(0));
console.log("hero.getSpeed() : ", hero.getSpeed());
console.log("hero.move() : ", hero.move());
console.log("\n");
console.log("hero.setSpeed(100) : ", hero.setSpeed(100));
console.log("hero.getSpeed() : ", hero.getSpeed());
console.log("hero.move() : ", hero.move());
console.log("\n");
console.log("hero.isStunned : ", hero.isStunned);
console.log("hero.beStun : ", hero.beStun);
console.log("hero.unban : ", hero.unban);

var
  stunningHero = new AHeroWithStunBehavior({ x: 40, y: 50, moveSpeed: 130 });

console.log("\n");
console.log("stunningHero.isStunned : ", stunningHero.isStunned);
console.log("stunningHero.beStun : ", stunningHero.beStun);
console.log("stunningHero.unban : ", stunningHero.unban);
console.log("\n");
console.log("stunningHero.getSpeed() : ", stunningHero.getSpeed());
console.log("stunningHero.move() : ", stunningHero.move());
console.log("\n");
console.log("stunningHero.setSpeed(0) : ", stunningHero.setSpeed(0));
console.log("stunningHero.getSpeed() : ", stunningHero.getSpeed());
console.log("stunningHero.move() : ", stunningHero.move());
console.log("\n");
console.log("stunningHero.setSpeed(90) : ", stunningHero.setSpeed(90));
console.log("stunningHero.getSpeed() : ", stunningHero.getSpeed());
console.log("stunningHero.move() : ", stunningHero.move());
console.log("\n");
console.log("stunningHero.beStun() : ", stunningHero.beStun());
console.log("stunningHero.move() : ", stunningHero.move());
console.log("\n");
console.log("stunningHero.setSpeed(160) : ", stunningHero.setSpeed(160));
console.log("stunningHero.getSpeed() : ", stunningHero.getSpeed());
console.log("stunningHero.move() : ", stunningHero.move());
console.log("\n");
console.log("stunningHero.unban() : ", stunningHero.unban());
console.log("stunningHero.move() : ", stunningHero.move());
console.log("\n");
console.log("stunningHero.setSpeed(160) : ", stunningHero.setSpeed(160));
console.log("stunningHero.getSpeed() : ", stunningHero.getSpeed());
console.log("stunningHero.move() : ", stunningHero.move());

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