正则表达式 - 匹配类似IRC的参数？ [英] Regular Expressions - Matching IRC-like parameters?

问题描述

我希望创建一个类似IRC的命令格式：

I am looking to create a IRC-like command format:

/commandname parameter1 "parameter 2" "parameter \"3\"" parameter"4 parameter\"5

哪些（理想情况下）会给我参数列表：

Which would (ideally) give me a list of parameters:

parameter1
parameter 2
parameter "3"
parameter"4
parameter\"5

现在从我所看到的，这不是在所有其他方法中都可以完成。

Now from what I have read, this isn't at all trivial and might as well be done in some other method.

思考？

以下是完成我需要的工作的C＃代码：

Below is C# code that does the job I need:

public List<string> ParseIrcCommand(string command)
    {
        command = command.Trim();
        command = command.TrimStart(new char[] { '/' });
        command += ' ';

        List<string> Tokens = new List<string>();

        int tokenStart = 0;
        bool inQuotes = false;
        bool inToken = true;
        string currentToken = "";
        for (int i = tokenStart; i < command.Length; i++)
        {
            char currentChar = command[i];
            char nextChar = (i + 1 >= command.Length ? ' ' : command[i + 1]);

            if (!inQuotes && inToken && currentChar == ' ')
            {
                Tokens.Add(currentToken);
                currentToken = "";
                inToken = false;
                continue;
            }

            if (inQuotes && inToken && currentChar == '"')
            {
                Tokens.Add(currentToken);
                currentToken = "";
                inQuotes = false;
                inToken = false;
                if (nextChar == ' ') i++;
                continue;
            }

            if (inQuotes && inToken && currentChar == '\\' && nextChar == '"')
            {
                i++;
                currentToken += nextChar;
                continue;
            }

            if (!inToken && currentChar != ' ')
            {
                inToken = true;
                tokenStart = i;
                if (currentChar == '"')
                {
                    tokenStart++;
                    inQuotes = true;
                    continue;
                }
            }

            currentToken += currentChar;
        }

        return Tokens;
    }

推荐答案

你已经展示了你的代码 - 这很好，但似乎你没有想过解析这样的命令是否合理：

You have shown your code - that's good, but it seems that you haven't thought about whether it is reasonable to parse the command like that:

• 首先，你的代码将在命令名和参数中允许换行符号。如果你假设换行符号是合理的永远不会在那里。


• 其次， \ 也需要像，因为在参数末尾无法指定单个 \ 而不会引起任何混淆。


• 第三，它是ab将命令名称解析为与参数相同的方式很奇怪 - 命令名称通常是确定和修复的，因此不需要允许灵活的方式来指定它。

• Firstly, your code will allow new line character inside the command name and parameters. It would be reasonable if you assume that new line character can never be there.
• Secondly, \ also needs to be escaped like ", since there will be no way to specify a single \ at the end of a parameter without causing any confusion.
• Thirdly, it is a bit weird to have the command name parsed the same way as parameters - command names are usually per-determined and fixed, so there is no need to allow for flexible ways to specify it.

我无法想到JavaScript中的单行解决方案 general 。 JavaScript正则表达式缺少 \ G ，它断言最后一个匹配边界。所以我的解决方案将不得不处理字符串断言的开始 ^ 并在匹配令牌时选择字符串。

I cannot think of one-line solution in JavaScript that is general. JavaScript regex lacks \G, which asserts the last match boundary. So my solution will have to make do with beginning of string assertion ^ and chomping off the string as a token is matched.

（这里的代码不多，主要是评论）

(There is not much code here, mostly comments)

function parseCommand(str) {
    /*
     * Trim() in C# will trim off all whitespace characters
     * \s in JavaScript regex also match any whitespace character
     * However, the set of characters considered as whitespace might not be
     * equivalent
     * But you can be sure that \r, \n, \t, space (ASCII 32) are included.
     * 
     * However, allowing all those whitespace characters in the command
     * is questionable.
     */
    str = str.replace(/^\s*\//, "");

    /* Look-ahead (?!") is needed to prevent matching of quoted parameter with
     * missing closing quote
     * The look-ahead comes from the fact that your code does not backtrack
     * while the regex engine will backtrack. Possessive qualifier can prevent
     * backtracking, but it is not supported by JavaScript RegExp.
     *
     * We emulate the effect of \G by using ^ and repeatedly chomping off
     * the string.
     *
     * The regex will match 2 cases:
     * (?!")([^ ]+)
     * This will match non-quoted tokens, which are not allowed to 
     * contain spaces
     * The token is captured into capturing group 1
     *
     * "((?:[^\\"]|\\[\\"])*)"
     * This will match quoted tokens, which consists of 0 or more:
     * non-quote-or-backslash [^\\"] OR escaped quote \"
     * OR escaped backslash \\
     * The text inside the quote is captured into capturing group 2
     */
    var regex = /^ *(?:(?!")([^ ]+)|"((?:[^\\"]|\\[\\"])*)")/;
    var tokens = [];
    var arr;

    while ((arr = str.match(regex)) !== null) {
        if (arr[1] !== void 0) {
            // Non-space token
            tokens.push(arr[1]);
        } else {
            // Quoted token, needs extra processing to
            // convert escaped character back
            tokens.push(arr[2].replace(/\\([\\"])/g, '$1'));
        }

        // Remove the matched text
        str = str.substring(arr[0].length);
    }

    // Test that the leftover consists of only space characters
    if (/^ *$/.test(str)) {
        return tokens;
    } else {
        // The only way to reach here is opened quoted token
        // Your code returns the tokens successfully parsed
        // but I think it is better to show an error here.
        return null;
    }
}

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