Python:将PostgreSQL查询结果检索为格式化的JSON值 [英] Python: Retrieving PostgreSQL query results as formatted JSON values

问题描述

我正在使用包含几个表的postgres数据库.目的是从获得的查询结果中检索格式化的JSON.我创建了这个从表(测试用例)中获取数据集的python脚本，以便操纵查询结果:

I am working with a postgres database containing several tables. The goal is to retrieve a formatted JSON from query results obtained. I created this python script fetching dataset from table(test case) so as to manipulate the query results:

import psycopg2
import json
from time import sleep
from config import config

def main():
    conn = None
    try:
        params = config()
        conn = psycopg2.connect(**params)
        cur = conn.cursor()
        cur.execute("select * from location")
        row = cur.fetchone()

        while row is not None:
            print(row)
            #do field rename, merge(log, lat) and obtained JSON here
            sleep(0.3)
            row = cur.fetchone()

        cur.close()
    except (Exception, psycopg2.DatabaseError) as error:
        print(error)
    finally:
        if conn is not None:
            conn.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

为使我的问题更清楚，我在这里生成一个简化的场景，该场景用下面的3个表表示了手头的任务.

To make my question clear, I produce here a simplified scenario representing the task at hand with 3 tables as shown below.

environment
╔════════╦═══════════╦══════╦══════╗
║ env_id ║ placem_id ║ humd ║ wind ║
╠════════╬═══════════╬══════╬══════╣
║     104║        4  ║   48 ║  119 ║
║     68 ║        9  ║   39 ║  141 ║
╚════════╩═══════════╩══════╩══════╝

placement
╔═══════════╦════════╦═══════════════╦══════════════════════════╗
║ placem_id ║ loc_id ║  description  ║           date           ║
╠═══════════╬════════╬═══════════════╬══════════════════════════╣
║         4 ║     64 ║ description_1 ║ 2019-03-12T20:40:35.967Z ║
║         7 ║      5 ║ description_2 ║ 2019-03-12T20:56:51.319Z ║
╚═══════════╩════════╩═══════════════╩══════════════════════════╝

location
╔════════╦═══════════╦═══════════╦════════════════════╗
║ loc_id ║    log    ║    lat    ║      address       ║
╠════════╬═══════════╬═══════════╬════════════════════╣
║     64 ║ 13.3986   ║ 52.5547   ║ Bosebrucke Einkauf ║
║     71 ║ 21.150122 ║ -6.607044 ║ Charlotte Court    ║
╚════════╩═══════════╩═══════════╩════════════════════╝

这就是我想要实现的目标:

Here's what I would want to achieve:

• 从数据库中检索记录
• 将JSON名称/值中的某些字段适当地重命名(例如，humd变为relativeHumidity，wind变为windSpeed
• 将log和lat字段合并为单个JSON值，例如coordinate[log,lat]

• retrieve records from database
• rename some of the field as appropriate in the JSON name/value (e.g. humd to become relativeHumidity and windto windSpeed
• merge log and lat fields to single JSON value like coordinate[log,lat]

这样返回的JSON格式为:

So that the JSON returned is in the form:

{
    "relativeHumidity": 48,
    "windSpeed": 119,
    "address": "Bosebrucke Einkauf",
    "location": {
        "coordinates": [13.3986, 52.5547]
    }
}

尽管这个问题似乎是重复的，但是，我尝试了许多类似问题中指出的建议，例如一个

While this question might seems a duplicate, however, I tried many suggestions pointed in similar questions such as the one here but none of these actually work.

外面有人可以提供指南吗?

Can anyone out there offer a guide please?

推荐答案

我认为使用

I think it should be relatively easy to do with functions-json:

select
    json_agg(to_json(d))
from (
    select
        e.humd as "relativeHumidity",
        e.wind as "windSpeed",
        l.address,
        json_build_object(
            'coordinates',
            json_build_array(l.log, l.lat)
        ) as location
    from environment as e
        inner join placement as p on
            p.placem_id = e.placem_id
        inner join location as l on
            l.loc_id = p.loc_id
) as d

db<>fiddle demo

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