如何在列表表示中打印国家字符? [英] How to print national characters in list representation?

问题描述

我正在将带有特殊字符(å，ä，ö)的JSON数据写入文件，然后将其读回.然后在子处理命令中使用此数据.使用读取的数据时，我无法使特殊字符分别转换回å，ä和ö.

I'm writing JSON data with special characters (å, ä, ö) to file and then reading it back in. Then I use this data in a subprocess command. When using the read data I cannot make special characters get translated back to å, ä and ö respectively.

运行以下python脚本时，列表命令"显示为:

When running the python script below, the list "command" is printed as:

['cmd.exe', '-Name=M\xc3\xb6tley', '-Bike=H\xc3\xa4rley', '-Chef=B\xc3\xb6rk']

但是我希望它像这样打印:

But I want it to be printed like this:

['cmd.exe', '-Name=Mötley', '-Bike=Härley', '-Chef=Börk']

Python脚本:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import os, json, codecs, subprocess, sys


def loadJson(filename):
    with open(filename, 'r') as input:
        data = json.load(input)
    print 'Read json from: ' + filename
    return data

def writeJson(filename, data):
    with open(filename, 'w') as output:
        json.dump(data, output, sort_keys=True, indent=4, separators=(',', ': '))
    print 'Wrote json to: ' + filename



# Write JSON file
filename = os.path.join( os.path.dirname(__file__) , 'test.json' )
data = { "Name" : "Mötley", "Bike" : "Härley", "Chef" : "Börk" }
writeJson(filename, data)


# Load JSON data
loadedData = loadJson(filename)


# Build command
command = [ 'cmd.exe' ]

# Append arguments to command
arguments = []
arguments.append('-Name=' + loadedData['Name'] )
arguments.append('-Bike=' + loadedData['Bike'] )
arguments.append('-Chef=' + loadedData['Chef'] )
for arg in arguments:
    command.append(arg.encode('utf-8'))

# Print command (my problem; these do not contain the special characters)
print command

# Execute command
p = subprocess.Popen( command , stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)

# Read stdout and print each new line
sys.stdout.flush()
for line in iter(p.stdout.readline, b''):
    sys.stdout.flush()
    print(">>> " + line.rstrip())

推荐答案

这是Python中字符串常量的规范表示，旨在消除编码问题.实际上，这是字符串上的repr()返回的内容. List的str()函数实现在打印时调用，在其成员上调用repr()表示它们.

This is the canonical representation of string constants in Python which is designed to eliminate encoding issues. Actually, it's what repr() on a string returns. List's str() function implementation that is called when it's printed calls repr() on its members to represent them.

输出具有非ASCII字符的字符串的唯一方法是print或将其写入流中.请参阅为什么使用Python默认编码为ASCII时会打印unicode字符吗?有关在打印时如何进行字符转换.另外请注意，对于非ASCII 8位字符，为不同代码页设置的终端的输出将有所不同.

The only way to output a string with non-ASCII characters as they are is to print it or otherwise write it to a stream. See Why does Python print unicode characters when the default encoding is ASCII? on how character conversion is done on printing. Also note that for non-ASCII 8-bit characters, the output will be different for terminals set up for different codepages.

关于解决方案:

最简单的方法是制作一个替代的str(list)实现，该实现将调用str()而不是repr()-注意上面的警告.

The simplest one will be to make an alternative str(list) implementation that will call str() instead of repr() - noting the warnings above.

def list_nativechars(l):
  assert isinstance(l,list)
  return "[" + ", ".join('"'+str(i)+'"' for i in l) + "]"

现在(在cp866控制台编码中):

Now (in cp866 console encoding):

>>> l=["йцукен"]
>>> print list_nativechars(l)
["йцукен"]

使用外来编码的数据:

# encoding: cp858
<...>
l= ['cmd.exe', '-Name=Mötley', '-Bike=Härley', '-Chef=Börk']
print list_nativechars(l)

c:\>python t.py
["cmd.exe", "-Name=MФtley", "-Bike=HДrley", "-Chef=BФrk"]

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