我如何改善我的junit测试 [英] How can I improve my junit tests
问题描述
对，我的junit测试看起来很长话:
Right my junit tests look like a long story:
- 我创建了4个用户
- 我删除了1个用户
- 我尝试使用已删除的用户登录，并确保失败
- 我使用剩余的3个用户之一登录并确认我可以登录
- 我从一个用户向另一个用户发送一条消息，并验证该消息是否出现在发件人的发件箱和收件人的收件箱中.
- 我删除了邮件
- ...
- ...
优势: 测试非常有效(非常善于检测错误)并且非常稳定，因为它们仅使用API，如果我重构代码，那么测试也将被重构.由于我不使用肮脏的把戏"，例如以给定状态保存和重新加载数据库，因此我的测试忽略了架构更改和实现更改.
Advantages: The tests are quite effective (are very good at detecting bugs) and are very stable, becuase they only use the API, if I refactor the code then the tests are refactored too. As I don't use "dirty tricks" such as saving and reloading the db in a given state, my tests are oblivious to schema changes and implementation changes.
缺点: 测试变得难以维护，测试中的任何更改都会影响其他测试.测试运行8-9分钟，这对于持续集成非常有用，但对开发人员来说却有些沮丧.测试不能孤立运行，最好的办法是在您感兴趣的测试运行后停止-但您绝对必须运行之前进行的所有测试.
Disadvantages: The tests are getting difficult to maintain, any change in a test affects other tests. The tests run 8-9 min which is great for continuous integration but is a bit frustrating for developers. Tests cannot be run isolated, the best you can do is to stop after the test you are interested in has run - but you absolutely must run all the tests that come before.
您将如何改进我的考试?
How would you go about improving my tests?
推荐答案
单元测试-理想情况下-应该是独立的，并且能够以任何顺序运行.所以，我建议你:
unit tests should - ideally - be independent, and able to run in any order. So, I would suggest that you:
- 分解测试以保持独立性
- 考虑使用内存数据库作为测试的后端
- 考虑将每个测试或套件包装在最终回滚的事务中
- 分析单元测试以查看时间，然后集中精力
如果创建一些用户并发送一些消息需要8分钟，则性能问题可能不在测试中，而是可能是系统本身存在性能问题的征兆-只有您的探查器才能确定！
if it takes 8 minutes to create a few users and send a few messages, the performance problem may not be in the tests, rather this may be a symptom of performance problems with the system itself - only your profiler knows for sure!
[caveat:尽管我可能只是少数，但我不认为这些测试是集成测试"；我认为这类测试是功能的单元测试，大约是TDD]
[caveat: i do NOT consider these kinds of tests to be 'integration tests', though i may be in the minority; i consider these kinds of tests to be unit tests of features, a la TDD]
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