如何改进我的 junit 测试 [英] How can I improve my junit tests
问题描述
没错，我的 junit 测试看起来很长:
Right my junit tests look like a long story:
- 我创建了 4 个用户
- 我删除了 1 个用户
- 我尝试使用已删除的用户登录并确保它失败
- 我使用剩余的 3 个用户之一登录并验证我可以登录
- 我从一个用户向另一个用户发送消息，并验证它是否出现在发件人的发件箱和收件人的收件箱中.
- 我删除了这条消息
- ...
- ...
优势:这些测试非常有效(非常擅长检测错误)并且非常稳定，因为它们只使用 API，如果我重构代码，那么测试也会被重构.由于我不使用肮脏的技巧"，例如在给定状态下保存和重新加载数据库，因此我的测试无视架构更改和实现更改.
Advantages: The tests are quite effective (are very good at detecting bugs) and are very stable, becuase they only use the API, if I refactor the code then the tests are refactored too. As I don't use "dirty tricks" such as saving and reloading the db in a given state, my tests are oblivious to schema changes and implementation changes.
缺点:测试变得难以维护，测试中的任何更改都会影响其他测试.测试运行 8-9 分钟，这对于持续集成来说非常有用，但对开发人员来说有点令人沮丧.测试不能孤立运行，您能做的最好的事情是在您感兴趣的测试运行后停止 - 但您绝对必须运行之前的所有测试.
Disadvantages: The tests are getting difficult to maintain, any change in a test affects other tests. The tests run 8-9 min which is great for continuous integration but is a bit frustrating for developers. Tests cannot be run isolated, the best you can do is to stop after the test you are interested in has run - but you absolutely must run all the tests that come before.
你会如何改进我的测试?
How would you go about improving my tests?
推荐答案
单元测试应该——理想情况下——是独立的，并且能够以任何顺序运行.所以，我建议你:
unit tests should - ideally - be independent, and able to run in any order. So, I would suggest that you:
- 分解你的测试以保持独立
- 考虑使用内存数据库作为测试的后端
- 考虑将每个测试或套件包装在最后回滚的事务中
- 分析单元测试以了解时间流向，并专注于此
如果创建几个用户并发送几条消息需要 8 分钟，则性能问题可能不在测试中，而这可能是系统本身的性能问题的征兆——只有您的分析器才能确定！
if it takes 8 minutes to create a few users and send a few messages, the performance problem may not be in the tests, rather this may be a symptom of performance problems with the system itself - only your profiler knows for sure!
[警告:我不认为这些类型的测试是集成测试"，尽管我可能是少数；我认为这些类型的测试是功能的单元测试，一种 TDD]
[caveat: i do NOT consider these kinds of tests to be 'integration tests', though i may be in the minority; i consider these kinds of tests to be unit tests of features, a la TDD]
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