install_name_tool以更新可执行文件以在Mac OS X中搜索dylib [英] install_name_tool to update a executable to search for dylib in Mac OS X
问题描述
我有一个安装在/PATH/lib
中的动态libray libtest.dylib,以及一个执行二进制文件myapp,它使用安装在/PATH/bin
中的dylib.
I have a dynamic libray libtest.dylib that is installed in /PATH/lib
, and an execution binary, myapp, that uses the dylib installed in /PATH/bin
.
I can run myapp
to find the dylib as follows (Is it OK to use DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH on Mac OS X? And, what's the dynamic library search algorithm with it?):
DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH="/PATH/lib" myapp
我想我可以使用install_name_tool
来更新库和可执行文件,以便可以使用rpath找到该库.我使用了这篇文章中的提示-如何指定rpath在dylib中?.
I think I can use install_name_tool
to update the library and executable so that the library can be found with rpath. I used the hints in this post - How can I specify the rpath in a dylib?.
在lib中,我执行了此命令以添加rpath.
In lib, I executed this command to add rpath.
install_name_tool -id "@rpath/libtest.dylib" libtest.dylib
install_name_tool -add_rpath "@executable_path/../lib/" libtest.dylib
在垃圾箱中,我执行了install_name_tool -add_rpath "@executable_path/../lib/" myapp
.
In bin, I executed install_name_tool -add_rpath "@executable_path/../lib/" myapp
.
但是,当我在bin
目录中执行myapp
时,出现了错误消息.
However, when I executed myapp
in bin
directory, I have the error messages.
dyld: Library not loaded: libtest.dylib
Referenced from: /PATH/bin/./myapp
Reason: image not found
Trace/BPT trap: 5
otool -l myapp
显示rpath已在myapp中正确更新.
otool -l myapp
shows the rpath is correctly updated in myapp.
Load command 16
cmd LC_RPATH
cmdsize 40
path @executable_path/../lib/ (offset 12)
libtest.dylib也是如此
The same is true with libtest.dylib
Load command 13
cmd LC_RPATH
cmdsize 40
path @executable_path/../lib/ (offset 12)
可能是什么问题?
当然,我可以在编译和链接时使用cc -install_name
,但是我想知道如何通过修改生成的dylib和执行二进制文件来做同样的事情.
Of course, I can use cc -install_name
when compile and link time, but I wanted to know how to do the same thing my modifying the generatd dylib and execution binary.
来自库:
cc -install_name "@loader_path/../lib/libtest.dylib" -dynamiclib -o libtest.dylib test.c
或者,install_name可以使用@rpath:
Or, the install_name can use @rpath:
cc -install_name "@rpath/libtest.dylib" -dynamiclib -o libtest.dylib test.c
从垃圾箱中
cc -I../lib -c main.c
cc -o main main.o ../lib/libtest.dylib -Wl,-rpath -Wl,@loader_path/../lib
或仅一行:
cc -I../lib -L../lib -o main main.c -ltest -Wl,-rpath -Wl,@loader_path/../lib
推荐答案
在otool -l
中,我分析了应从原始库和二进制文件中添加或修改的内容.
From otool -l
, I analyzed what should be added or modified from the original library and binary.
更改是在ID中:
Load command 2 <-- OLD
cmd LC_ID_DYLIB
cmdsize 40
name libtest.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 1 Wed Dec 31 18:00:01 1969
Load command 2 <-- NEW
cmd LC_ID_DYLIB
cmdsize 64
name @loader_path/../lib/libtest.dylib (offset 24)
这是完成更改的命令:
install_name_tool -id "@loader_path/../lib/libtest.dylib" libtest.dylib
或使用rpath:
install_name_tool -id "@rpath/libtest.dylib" libtest.dylib
可执行文件
有两个更改:rpath和load_dylib
The executable
There are two changes: rpath and load_dylib
Load command 12 <-- OLD
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 40
name libtest.dylib (offset 24)
Load command 12 <-- NEW
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 64
name @loader_path/../lib/libtest.dylib (offset 24)
这是完成更改的命令
install_name_tool -change libtest.dylib @loader_path/../lib/libtest.dylib myapp
我还需要添加rpath
Also I needed to add the rpath
Load command 14
cmd LC_RPATH
cmdsize 32
path @loader_path/../lib (offset 12)
这是完成添加操作的命令:
This is the command to accomplish the addition:
install_name_tool -add_rpath "@loader_path/../lib" myapp
想法
二进制文件试图找到该库,它从install_name_tool -add_rpath "@loader_path/../lib" myapp
知道它的位置.它将加载库,并且库的ID为@rpath/libtest.dylib
,其中在可执行二进制文件中将@rpath
设置为@loader_path/../lib
进行匹配.
The idea
The binary tries to find the library, it knows where it is located from install_name_tool -add_rpath "@loader_path/../lib" myapp
. It loads the library, and the library's id is @rpath/libtest.dylib
where @rpath
is set to @loader_path/../lib
in the executable binary to make the match.
使用CMake时,我们可以在CMakeLists.txt文件中添加以下内容来自动化该过程.
When using CMake, we can automatize the process with the following addition in CMakeLists.txt file.
应该添加ID.
# https://cmake.org/pipermail/cmake/2006-October/011530.html
SET_TARGET_PROPERTIES (test
PROPERTIES BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH 1
INSTALL_NAME_DIR "@rpath"
)
可执行的
rpath应该指定:
Executable
The rpath should be specified:
SET(CMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH "@loader_path/../lib/libtest.dylib")
这篇关于install_name_tool以更新可执行文件以在Mac OS X中搜索dylib的文章就介绍到这了,希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持IT屋!