为Web开发人员预装的Linux? [英] Pre-installed Linux for Web Developers?
问题描述
任何人都知道针对具有以下一项或多项功能的Web开发人员的最新Linux发行版的ISO映像:
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易于安装的LAMP堆栈(已立即安装Apache 2，虚拟站点目录结构(托管)，已安装PHP，已安装mySQL)
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为初学者设置Ruby/RoR
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为多个存储库设置了Subversion
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配置为充当Web服务器的防火墙(端口80已打开，其他端口不多)
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Python和Trac已安装并与Apache集成(支持多环境)
背景:
我有一个功能强大的新工作站，并且希望设置多个虚拟机以进行测试，开发和版本控制，最好是在Linux上.这些机器不会向公众公开.
我想节省尽可能多的安装和设置工作-如果我一个人做，设置以上列表中的所有内容将花费我数周的时间.
赏金
由于其他更紧迫的项目，我暂时不得不把它放在架子上.提出的建议已经是一个绝妙的清单了；我悬赏这个问题，以尝试收集尽可能多的投入，因此这可以成为后代对此问题的参考问题.
根据对我来说最好的解决方案，我将根据公众投票或一时兴起来奖励赏金.
严重的是，我认为最好的方法是创建自己的东西.例如，有些人使用Redmine代替Trac.要查找具有这些特定安装的预配置VM将会很困难.
因此，以创建自己的"为前提，我相信您有以下选择:
使用"VM Aware"发行版
Ubuntu服务器浮现在脑海:它可以选择安装特定于Windows的最小安装虚拟机.
下载服务器ISO映像，从中启动，在第一个屏幕上按F4键，然后选择安装最小虚拟机".
- 安装空间不足380MB
- 专用服务器内核(-虚拟)
- 针对VMWare ESX，VMWare Server和KVM Intel或AMD x86体系结构进行了优化
- 最小内存128MB
- 没有针对服务器虚拟设备的图形化环境
恕我直言，您最多要花一天的时间根据自己的喜好配置VM，而不是花数周的时间.使用apt-get可以为您节省功能列表中几乎所有软件包的时间.
...，如果您想进行更多自定义，甚至可以尝试使用 vmbuilder .
vmbuilder是可自动执行的脚本 准备使用的过程 基于Ubuntu的VM.没有必要 JeOS CD映像.目前 支持的虚拟机管理程序是KVM，Xen和 VMware.
使用著名的发行版并将其剥离"
安装最小的Debian系统并删除一些功能，或创建小实时图像并使用它.
使用 Linux From Scratch(LFS)并仅使用必需的软件来构建系统
这是最困难的一个，您将花费大量时间.
但是您将能够拥有一个非常小的发行版，并且了解Linux系统是如何工作的.了解所有工作原理后，您可以安装设置中所需的东西，并使用 Busybox 之类的轻量二进制文件. /p>
有一个名为从头开始的Debian 的旧项目(最新更新是2006年的，所以我不知道它是否可靠)，其目的是执行与LFS相同的操作，只是使用Debian.
(...)是唯一的发行版， 允许您安装Debian系统 具有几乎相同的控制水平 就像您在Linux上所能获得的 从头开始安装，但 Debian的优势(易于更新和 保持).
您只需要一个该死的小型Linux开箱即用的解决方案
好吧，您可以尝试 Damn Small Linux ，它只有50mb，基于Debian，我相信这是最著名的最小发行版(您可以在此列表中查看更多发行版).我只是不知道它在Web服务器开发方案中的表现.
最终建议
在上述所有情况下，配置后，请将您的VM保存为默认值，以备将来使用.或者更好的方法是使用快照，每个快照与您的安装可能会有细微的差别(请注意，控制太多的快照可能有点麻烦).
我不想配置自己的"
如果由于某种原因您不喜欢我的方法或没有太多时间遵循我的建议(创建自己的VM")，则可以检查 Vagrant 管理您的虚拟机.
Vagrant是用于构建和分发虚拟化软件的工具 开发环境.
通过提供虚拟机的自动创建和配置 使用Oracle的VirtualBox，Vagrant提供了用于创建和 配置轻量级，可复制和可移植的虚拟 环境.
这意味着Vagrant可帮助您自动化创建新VM时通常要做的很多事情(这些功能来自官方网站):
- 使用Oracle VirtualBox自动创建虚拟机
- 使用Chef，Puppet或仅使用shell脚本自动配置虚拟环境！
- 对创建的环境具有完全SSH访问权限
- 为您的VM分配一个静态IP，可以从您的计算机上访问
- 将端口转发到主机
- 共享文件夹使您可以继续使用自己的编辑器
- 将环境打包到可分发的盒子中
- 完成后彻底拆除环境
- 通过一个命令轻松重建完整的环境
我将创建一个与生产服务器具有相同配置(几乎相同)的虚拟机，因此某些平台问题不会仅在部署时出现.
Does anybody know an ISO image of a up-to-date Linux distribution aimed at web developers with one, some or all of the following features:
LAMP stack readily set up (Readily installed Apache 2, virtual sites directory structure (hosting), PHP installed, mySQL installed)
Ruby/RoR set up for a beginner to start with
Subversion set up for multiple repositories
Firewall configured for functioning as a web server (Port 80 open, not much else)
Python and Trac installed and integrated with Apache (Multi-environment capable)
Background:
I have a powerful new workstation and would like to set up a number of virtual machines for testing, development and version control, preferably on Linux. The machines will not be exposed to the public.
I would like to save as much installation and set up work as possible - setting up everything from the above list would cost me weeks if I'd do it alone.
Bounty
I have had to put this on the shelf for the time being due to other, more pressing projects. The suggestions made are already a brilliant list; I'm putting a bounty on the question to try and gather as much input as possible, so this can be the reference question on the issue for future generations.
I will be awarding the bounty either based on popular vote or on a whim, from what looks the best solution to me.
Seriously, I think the best thing to do is create your own. Some people for example use Redmine instead of Trac. Finding a pre-configured VM with these specific installations is going to be difficult.
So, having the "create your own" as a precondition, I believe you have the following options:
Use a a "VM Aware" distro
Ubuntu Server comes to mind: it has an option to install a minimal installation specific to VMs.
Download the server ISO image, boot from it, press F4 on the first screen and select "Install a minimal virtual machine".
- Less than 380MB installed footprint
- Specialized server Kernel (-virtual)
- Optimised for VMWare ESX, VMWare Server and KVM Intel or AMD x86 architecture
- Minimum memory 128MB
- No graphical environment preloaded as it is aimed at server virtual appliance
IMHO, you're going to spend at most a day configuring your VM to your tastes, not weeks. Using apt-get is going to save you some time in almost all packages in your feature list.
...and if you want even more customization, you can even try to use vmbuilder.
vmbuilder is a script that automates the process of creating a ready to use VM based on Ubuntu. There is no need for a JeOS CD image. The currently supported hypervisors are KVM, Xen and VMware.
Use a well known distro and "strip it down"
Install a minimal Debian system and strip down some features, or create a small live image and use it.
Use Linux From Scratch (LFS) and build a system only with essential software
This is the most difficult one and you're going to spend a lot of time.
But you'll be able to have a really small distribution and understand how a Linux system really works. Understanding how everything works you can install just what is needed in your setup, and use lighter binaries like Busybox.
There's an old project called Debian From Scratch (last update is from 2006, so I don't know if it's reliable) that aims to do the same LFS does but using Debian.
(...) is a unique distribution that allows you to install a Debian system with almost the same level of control as what you would get with a Linux From Scratch installation but with the Debian advantages (easy to update and maintain).
You just want a Damn Small Linux out-of-box solution
Well, you can try Damn Small Linux, it's only 50mb and Debian Based and I believe it's the most famous minimal distribution (you can check more distros in this list). I just don't know how it would perform in a Web Server Development scenario.
Final advice
To all situations above, after configuring, save your VM as a default one for future use. Or better, use snapshots, each one with minor differences you may have with your installation (beware though that controlling too many snapshots may be a little cumbersome).
"I don't want to configure my own"
If for some reason you didn't like my approaches or don't have too much time to follow my advice ("create your own VM") you can check this question on ServerFault. There's a list for a bunch of appliances from different distros.
...but if you're going to test a bunch of them, to see if they fit your needs, why not just use the time spent with them creating your own?
Icing on the cake: use Vagrant to manage your vms.
Vagrant is a tool for building and distributing virtualized development environments.
By providing automated creation and provisioning of virtual machines using Oracle’s VirtualBox, Vagrant provides the tools to create and configure lightweight, reproducible, and portable virtual environments.
This means Vagrant helps you automating a lot of things you usually do when creating a new VM (these features are from the official website):
- Automated virtual machine creation using Oracle’s VirtualBox
- Automated provisioning of virtual environments using Chef, Puppet, or just shell scripts!
- Full SSH access to created environments
- Assign a static IP to your VM, accessible from your machine
- Forward ports to the host machine
- Shared folders allows you to continue using your own editor
- Package environments into distributable boxes
- Completely tear down environment when you’re done
- Easily rebuild a complete environment with a single command
I would create a vm with the same configuration (well, almost the same) as my production server, so some platform problems would not appear just when deploying.
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