如何在Linux中绘制2D图 [英] How to draw 2D diagram in linux

问题描述

我有一个.txt文件争用点，如下所示:

I have a .txt file contatning points which is look like following:

##x1 y1 x2 y2
123 567 798 900
788 900 87  89
....

我想绘制2D图，该图使用gnuplot在.txt文件的行中链接每一对.

I want to draw 2D diagram which link each pair in line of the .txt file using gnuplot.

我找到了这个在gnuplot中绘制点和线，但是我没有我不知道该如何使用gnuplot.

I find this Draw points and lines in gnuplot, but I don't know how to use gnuplot in my case.

图类型没有限制. 我在此处我可以使用以下命令将终端设置为png:

There is no limit for the diagram type. As I see here I could set terminal to png using following:

set terminal png

对于线条样式，我在此处:

set style line 1 lc rgb '#0060ad' lt 1 lw 2 pt 7 ps 1.5 

并且不需要轴的标签.

推荐答案

已更新

根据您对行数和最大x，y尺寸的答复，此答案底部的基于ImageMagick的原始方法显然不适合您的特定问题.但是，我将其留给其他人查看，因为最多可以容纳几十行.我现在提供一个更合适的gnuplot版本.

In the light of your reply about the number of lines and the maximum x,y dimensions, my original, ImageMagick-based approach at the bottom of this answer is clearly NOT the right one for your specific problem. However, I will leave it for others to see as it would be perfectly fine for up to a few dozen lines. I am now providing a more appropriate gnuplot version.

Gnuplot版本

如果要使用gnuplot进行操作，它将类似于以下内容:

If you want to do it with gnuplot, it would look something like this:

set terminal png size 1000,1000
set output 'result.png'
unset xtics
unset ytics
unset border
plot 'lines.txt' using 1:2:($3-$1):($4-$2) with vectors nohead notitle

如果将其保存在名为plot.cmd的文件中，则可以使用

If you save that in a file calle plot.cmd, you can then run it with

gnuplot < plot.cmd

如果要使用箭头，请使用以下变体:

If you want arrowheads, use a variant like this:

set terminal png size 1000,1000
set output 'result.png'
set style arrow 1 heads filled size screen 0.03,15,45 ls 1
unset xtics
unset ytics
unset border
plot 'lines.txt' using 1:2:($3-$1):($4-$2) with vectors arrowstyle 1  notitle 

Magick ++和C ++答案

我决定得出Magick ++和C ++的答案，只是为了好玩.代码看起来像这样-顶部的注释中显示了要编译的命令.

I decided to work out a Magick++ and C++ answer, just for fun. The code looks like this - and the command to compile is shown in the comments at the top.

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// sample.cpp
// Mark Setchell
//
// ImageMagick Magick++ sample code
//
// Compile with:
// g++ sample.cpp -o sample $(Magick++-config --cppflags --cxxflags --ldflags --libs)
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include <Magick++.h> 
#include <iostream> 
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

using namespace std; 
using namespace Magick; 

int main(int argc,char **argv) 
{ 
   InitializeMagick(*argv);

   // Create an image object, scaled by a factor of 100 to speed it up !
   float scale=100.0;
   Image image("650x650","white");

   // Construct drawing list 
   std::list<Magick::Drawable> drawList;

   // Initial settings, blue lines 1 pixel thick
   drawList.push_back(DrawableStrokeColor("blue"));
   drawList.push_back(DrawableStrokeWidth(1));

   // Read in lines from file, expected format "x1 y1 x2 y2"
   int lineno=0;
   std::ifstream infile("lines.txt");
   std::string line;
   while (std::getline(infile, line))
   {
      std::istringstream iss(line);
      int x1,y1,x2,y2;
      iss >> x1;
      iss >> y1;
      iss >> x2;
      iss >> y2;
      x1 = int(x1/scale);
      y1 = int(x2/scale);
      x2 = int(y1/scale);
      y2 = int(y2/scale);
      cout << "Line: " << ++lineno << " " << x1 << "," << y1 << " " << x2 << "," << y2 << endl;
      // Add this point to the list of lines to draw
      drawList.push_back(DrawableLine(x1,y1,x2,y2));
   }

   // Draw everything using completed drawing list 
   image.draw(drawList);

   // Write the image to a file 
   image.write( "result.png" ); 

   return 0; 
}

我用这样的Perl生成了1,000行随机测试数据:

I generated 1,000 lines of random test data with Perl like this:

perl -E 'for($i=0;$i<1000;$i++){printf("%d %d %d %d\n",int rand 65000,int rand 65000, int rand 65000, int rand 65000);}' > lines.txt

结果如下:

原始答案

您还可以使用ImageMagick轻松地完成此操作，无论如何，它已经安装在大多数Linux发行版中.以下实际上只有4行代码-其余全部为注释:

You could also do it quite easily with ImageMagick which is already installed on most Linux distros anyway. There are actually only 4 lines of code in the following - the rest is all comments:

#!/bin/bash

# Create the output image, 1000x1000 pixels say
convert -size 1000x1000 xc:pink result.png

# Suppressing lines that have a hash (#) at the start, read in the file "lines.txt"
grep -v "^#" lines.txt | while read x1 y1 x2 y2; do

   echo Read line $x1,$y1 $x2,$y2

   # Tell ImageMagick to draw the line on the image
   convert result.png -stroke blue -strokewidth 5 -draw "line $x1,$y1 $x2,$y2" result.png
done

输出

Read line 123,567 798,900
Read line 788,900 87,89

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