Ruby-循环使用gets.chomp进行计算 [英] Ruby - calculations with gets.chomp in a loop
问题描述
我是Ruby的新手.我一直在尝试找到一种使用用户输入进行计算的方法.我想做两件事:
I'm very new to Ruby. I've been trying to find a way to do calculations with user inputs. There are two things that I wanted to do:
- 输出哪个朋友的恐龙或水母最多.
- 输出哪个朋友拥有最多的恐龙和水母.
到目前为止，我只有这个循环请求用户输入:
I only have this loop requesting for user inputs so far:
f = "yes"
while f == "yes"
print "Enter your name: "
n = gets.chomp.to_f
print "Enter the number of dinosaurs you have: "
d = gets.chomp.to_f
print "Enter the number of jellyfish you have: "
j = gets.chomp.to_f
print "Another friend? (yes/no)"
f = gets.chomp
end
感谢您的帮助.非常感谢！
Any help is appreciated. Thank you so much!
更新: 非常感谢您的帮助.我意识到我不够具体.我会在这里尝试澄清.
UPDATES: Thank you so much for you all's help. I've realized that I was not specific enough. I'll try to clarify that here.
我想要的输出看起来像这样(〜〜中的内容是用户输入):
The output that I want looks something like this (things in ~ ~ are user inputs):
Enter your name: ~ Bob~
Enter the number of dinosaur you have: ~3~
Enter the number of jellyfish you have: ~6~
Another friend? (yes/no) ~yes~
Enter your name: ~ Sally~
Enter the number of dinosaur you have: ~2~
Enter the number of jellyfish you have: ~8~
Another friend? (yes/no) ~no~
Friend who has the most dinosaurs: Bob
Friend who has the most jellyfish: Sally
Friend who has the most dinosaurs and jellyfish combined: Sally
到目前为止，我编写的代码仅使我进入另一个朋友?(是/否)"，但是我不确定如何要求Ruby输出我想要的最后三行.你们可以为大家阐明一下吗?
So far, the codes that I wrote only gets me to "Another friend? (yes/no)" but I'm not sure how to ask Ruby to output the last three lines that I want. Can you folks shed some light on this, please?
非常感谢！
更多更新: 感谢您所有的帮助！用Hash和Array弄清楚了.谢谢！
MORE UPDATES: Thanks for all of your help! Got it figured out with Hash and Array. Thank you!
推荐答案
您的问题的答案有三点.
The answer to your question is three-fold.
gets 返回一个来自stdin的行，包括换行符.如果用户输入 B o b enter ，则gets返回"Bob\n".
要删除换行符，请使用 String#chomp :
To strip the newline you use String#chomp:
"Bob\n".chomp #=> "Bob"
To convert an input like "3\n" to an integer 3, you can use String#to_i:
"3\n".to_i #=> 3
请注意，to_i会忽略多余的字符(包括换行符)，因此可以避免使用chomp.
Note that to_i ignores extraneous characters (including newline), so you can avoid chomp.
您可能希望将用户数据存储在一个地方.在像Ruby这样的面向对象的编程语言中，这样的地方"通常是一个类.它可以很简单:
You probably want to store a user's data in one place. In an object-oriented programming language like Ruby, such "place" is often a class. It can be as simple as:
class User
attr_accessor :name, :dinosaurs, :jellyfish
end
attr_accessor 创建吸气剂和设置器，因此您可以通过以下方式读取和写入用户的属性:
attr_accessor creates getters and setters, so you can read and write a user's attributes via:
user = User.new
user.name = 'Bob'
user.name #=> "Bob"
由于您不希望只有一个用户，因此需要另一个位置来存储用户.
Since you don't want just one user, you need another place to store the users.
Array 可以正常工作:
users = []
user = User.new
user.name = 'Bob'
user.dinosaurs = 3
users << user
users
#=> [#<User @name="Bob", @dinosaurs=3>]
添加第二个用户:
user = User.new # <- same variable name, but new object
user.name = 'Sally'
user.dinosaurs = 2
users << user
users
#=> [#<User @name="Bob", @dinosaurs=3>, #<User @name="Sally", @dinosaurs=2>]
从数组中检索用户(或其属性):
Retrieving the users (or their attributes) from the array:
users[0] #=> #<User @name="Bob">
users[0].name #=> "Bob"
users[1].name #=> "Sally"
计算数据
Array包括 Enumerable mixin.
Calculating with data
Array includes many useful methods from the Enumerable mixin.
要获取具有最大值的元素，请使用 max_by –将每个元素(即用户)传递给一个块，该块必须返回您感兴趣的值(例如dinosaurs). max_by然后返回具有最高dinosaurs值的用户:
To get an element with a maximum value there's max_by – it passes each element (i.e. user) to a block and the block has to return the value you are interested in (e.g. dinosaurs). max_by then returns the user with the highest dinosaurs value:
users.max_by { |u| u.dinosaurs }
#=> #<User @name="Bob">
您还可以计算值:
users.max_by { |u| u.dinosaurs + u.jellyfish }
但这会导致异常，因为我们没有在上面设置jellyfish.
But that would currently result in an exception, because we did not set jellyfish above.
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