builtins.TypeError:必须为str，而不是字节 [英] builtins.TypeError: must be str, not bytes

问题描述

我已经将脚本从Python 2.7转换为3.2，并且有一个错误.

I've converted my scripts from Python 2.7 to 3.2, and I have a bug.

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import time
from datetime import date
from lxml import etree
from collections import OrderedDict

# Create the root element
page = etree.Element('results')

# Make a new document tree
doc = etree.ElementTree(page)

# Add the subelements
pageElement = etree.SubElement(page, 'Country',Tim = 'Now', 
                                      name='Germany', AnotherParameter = 'Bye',
                                      Code='DE',
                                      Storage='Basic')
pageElement = etree.SubElement(page, 'City', 
                                      name='Germany',
                                      Code='PZ',
                                      Storage='Basic',AnotherParameter = 'Hello')
# For multiple multiple attributes, use as shown above

# Save to XML file
outFile = open('output.xml', 'w')
doc.write(outFile) 

在最后一行，我收到此错误:

On the last line, I got this error:

builtins.TypeError: must be str, not bytes
File "C:\PythonExamples\XmlReportGeneratorExample.py", line 29, in <module>
  doc.write(outFile)
File "c:\Python32\Lib\site-packages\lxml\etree.pyd", line 1853, in lxml.etree._ElementTree.write (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:44355)
File "c:\Python32\Lib\site-packages\lxml\etree.pyd", line 478, in lxml.etree._tofilelike (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:90649)
File "c:\Python32\Lib\site-packages\lxml\etree.pyd", line 282, in lxml.etree._ExceptionContext._raise_if_stored (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:7972)
File "c:\Python32\Lib\site-packages\lxml\etree.pyd", line 378, in lxml.etree._FilelikeWriter.write (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:89527)

我已经安装了Python 3.2，并且已经安装了lxml-2.3.win32-py3.2.exe.

I've installed Python 3.2, and I've installed lxml-2.3.win32-py3.2.exe.

在Python 2.7上有效.

On Python 2.7 it works.

推荐答案

输出文件应处于二进制模式.

The outfile should be in binary mode.

outFile = open('output.xml', 'wb')

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