Python文字处理:NLTK和 pandas [英] Python text processing: NLTK and pandas

问题描述

我正在寻找一种有效的方法来用Python构造可与额外数据一起使用的术语文档矩阵.

I'm looking for an effective way to construct a Term Document Matrix in Python that can be used together with extra data.

我有一些带有其他一些属性的文本数据.我想对文本进行一些分析，并且希望能够将从文本中提取的功能(例如单个单词标记或LDA主题)与其他属性相关联.

I have some text data with a few other attributes. I would like to run some analyses on the text and I would like to be able to correlate features extracted from text (such as individual word tokens or LDA topics) with the other attributes.

我的计划是将数据作为熊猫数据框加载，然后每个响应将代表一个文档.不幸的是，我遇到了一个问题:

My plan was load the data as a pandas data frame and then each response will represent a document. Unfortunately, I ran into an issue:

import pandas as pd
import nltk

pd.options.display.max_colwidth = 10000

txt_data = pd.read_csv("data_file.csv",sep="|")
txt = str(txt_data.comment)
len(txt)
Out[7]: 71581 

txt = nltk.word_tokenize(txt)
txt = nltk.Text(txt)
txt.count("the")
Out[10]: 45

txt_lines = []
f = open("txt_lines_only.txt")
for line in f:
    txt_lines.append(line)

txt = str(txt_lines)
len(txt)
Out[14]: 1668813

txt = nltk.word_tokenize(txt)
txt = nltk.Text(txt)
txt.count("the")
Out[17]: 10086

请注意，在两种情况下，文本都以这样的方式进行处理:除空格，字母和..！之外，仅包含其他任何内容！被删除(为简单起见).

Note that in both cases, text was processed in such a way that only the anything but spaces, letters and ,.?! was removed (for simplicity).

如您所见，pandas字段转换为字符串会返回较少的匹配项，并且字符串的长度也较短.

As you can see a pandas field converted into a string returns fewer matches and the length of the string is also shorter.

有什么办法可以改善上面的代码?

Is there any way to improve the above code?

此外，str(x)从注释中创建1个大字符串，而[str(x) for x in txt_data.comment]创建一个不能分解为单词袋的列表对象.生成将保留文档索引的nltk.Text对象的最佳方法是什么?换句话说，我正在寻找一种创建术语文档矩阵的方法，R与tm包中的TermDocumentMatrix()等效.

Also, str(x) creates 1 big string out of the comments while [str(x) for x in txt_data.comment] creates a list object which cannot be broken into a bag of words. What is the best way to produce a nltk.Text object that will retain document indices? In other words I'm looking for a way to create a Term Document Matrix, R's equivalent of TermDocumentMatrix() from tm package.

非常感谢.

推荐答案

使用pandas DataFrame的好处是可以将nltk功能应用于每个row，如下所示:

The benefit of using a pandas DataFrame would be to apply the nltk functionality to each row like so:

word_file = "/usr/share/dict/words"
words = open(word_file).read().splitlines()[10:50]
random_word_list = [[' '.join(np.random.choice(words, size=1000, replace=True))] for i in range(50)]

df = pd.DataFrame(random_word_list, columns=['text'])
df.head()

                                                text
0  Aaru Aaronic abandonable abandonedly abaction ...
1  abampere abampere abacus aback abalone abactor...
2  abaisance abalienate abandonedly abaff abacina...
3  Ababdeh abalone abac abaiser abandonable abact...
4  abandonable abandon aba abaiser abaft Abama ab...

len(df)

50

txt = df.text.apply(word_tokenize)
txt.head()

0    [Aaru, Aaronic, abandonable, abandonedly, abac...
1    [abampere, abampere, abacus, aback, abalone, a...
2    [abaisance, abalienate, abandonedly, abaff, ab...
3    [Ababdeh, abalone, abac, abaiser, abandonable,...
4    [abandonable, abandon, aba, abaiser, abaft, Ab...

txt.apply(len)

0     1000
1     1000
2     1000
3     1000
4     1000
....
44    1000
45    1000
46    1000
47    1000
48    1000
49    1000
Name: text, dtype: int64

因此，对于每个row条目，您都会获得.count():

As a result, you get the .count() for each row entry:

txt = txt.apply(lambda x: nltk.Text(x).count('abac'))
txt.head()

0    27
1    24
2    17
3    25
4    32

然后您可以使用以下方法求和:

You can then sum the result using:

txt.sum()

1239

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