如何使用命令行工具为Mac OS X创建美观的DMG? [英] How do I create a nice-looking DMG for Mac OS X using command-line tools?

问题描述

我需要为Mac应用程序创建一个不错的安装程序.我希望它是磁盘映像(DMG)，具有预定义的大小，布局和背景图像.

I need to create a nice installer for a Mac application. I want it to be a disk image (DMG), with a predefined size, layout and background image.

我需要在脚本中以编程方式进行此操作，以集成到现有的构建系统中(实际上是打包系统的更多内容，因为它仅创建安装程序.构建是单独进行的).

I need to do this programmatically in a script, to be integrated in an existing build system (more of a pack system really, since it only create installers. The builds are done separately).

我已经使用"hdiutil"完成了DMG的创建，但我还没有发现如何进行图标布局和指定背景位图.

I already have the DMG creation done using "hdiutil", what I haven't found out yet is how to make an icon layout and specify a background bitmap.

推荐答案

经过大量研究，我想出了这个答案，在此将其作为我自己问题的答案，以供参考:

After lots of research, I've come up with this answer, and I'm hereby putting it here as an answer for my own question, for reference:

1. 确保在系统偏好设置" >>通用访问"中选中为辅助设备启用访问".它是AppleScript正常运行所必需的.更改之后，您可能必须重新启动(否则在Mac OS X Server 10.4上将无法正常工作).

1. Make sure that "Enable access for assistive devices" is checked in System Preferences>>Universal Access. It is required for the AppleScript to work. You may have to reboot after this change (it doesn't work otherwise on Mac OS X Server 10.4).

创建一个R/W DMG.它必须大于结果.在此示例中，bash变量"size"包含以Kb为单位的大小，并且"source" bash变量中文件夹的内容将被复制到DMG中:

Create a R/W DMG. It must be larger than the result will be. In this example, the bash variable "size" contains the size in Kb and the contents of the folder in the "source" bash variable will be copied into the DMG:

hdiutil create -srcfolder "${source}" -volname "${title}" -fs HFS+ \
      -fsargs "-c c=64,a=16,e=16" -format UDRW -size ${size}k pack.temp.dmg

安装磁盘映像，并存储设备名称(此操作后，您可能要使用睡眠几秒钟):

Mount the disk image, and store the device name (you might want to use sleep for a few seconds after this operation):

device=$(hdiutil attach -readwrite -noverify -noautoopen "pack.temp.dmg" | \
         egrep '^/dev/' | sed 1q | awk '{print $1}')

将背景图片(以PNG格式)存储在DMG中名为".background"的文件夹中，并将其名称存储在"backgroundPictureName"变量中.

Store the background picture (in PNG format) in a folder called ".background" in the DMG, and store its name in the "backgroundPictureName" variable.

使用AppleScript设置外观样式(.app的名称必须在bash变量"applicationName"中，根据需要将变量用于其他属性):

Use AppleScript to set the visual styles (name of .app must be in bash variable "applicationName", use variables for the other properties as needed):

echo '
   tell application "Finder"
     tell disk "'${title}'"
           open
           set current view of container window to icon view
           set toolbar visible of container window to false
           set statusbar visible of container window to false
           set the bounds of container window to {400, 100, 885, 430}
           set theViewOptions to the icon view options of container window
           set arrangement of theViewOptions to not arranged
           set icon size of theViewOptions to 72
           set background picture of theViewOptions to file ".background:'${backgroundPictureName}'"
           make new alias file at container window to POSIX file "/Applications" with properties {name:"Applications"}
           set position of item "'${applicationName}'" of container window to {100, 100}
           set position of item "Applications" of container window to {375, 100}
           update without registering applications
           delay 5
           close
     end tell
   end tell
' | osascript

通过正确设置权限，压缩和释放DMF来完成DMG的完成:

Finialize the DMG by setting permissions properly, compressing and releasing it:

chmod -Rf go-w /Volumes/"${title}"
sync
sync
hdiutil detach ${device}
hdiutil convert "/pack.temp.dmg" -format UDZO -imagekey zlib-level=9 -o "${finalDMGName}"
rm -f /pack.temp.dmg 

在Snow Leopard上，上述applescript无法正确设置图标位置-似乎是Snow Leopard的错误.一种解决方法是在设置图标后简单地调用关闭/打开:

On Snow Leopard, the above applescript will not set the icon position correctly - it seems to be a Snow Leopard bug. One workaround is to simply call close/open after setting the icons, i.e.:

..
set position of item "'${applicationName}'" of container window to {100, 100}
set position of item "Applications" of container window to {375, 100}
close
open

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