Python中的SSL模块不可用(在OSX上) [英] SSL module in Python is not available (on OSX)

问题描述

我在OSX 10.13上的virtualenv中运行pip install时遇到问题.我已经运行过brew install openssl，路径/usr/local/include/openssl指向../opt/openssl/include/openssl.有谁知道如何解决这一问题?在使用brew install重新安装python之后，这种情况开始发生.

I'm having trouble running pip install in a virtualenv on OSX 10.13. I already have run brew install openssl and the path /usr/local/include/openssl points to ../opt/openssl/include/openssl. Does anyone know how to fix this? This started happening after I reinstalled python using brew install.

pip配置了需要TLS/SSL的位置，但是ssl Python中的模块不可用.收集枕头无法获取 URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/pillow/:存在问题 确认ssl证书:无法连接到HTTPS URL，因为 SSL模块不可用. -跳过找不到版本 满足枕头要求(从版本:)无匹配项 找到枕头的分布

pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available. Collecting Pillow Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/pillow/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available. - skipping Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement Pillow (from versions: ) No matching distribution found for Pillow

更新:这是更多信息:

✗ which python
/usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin/python

✗ which pip
/usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin/pip

✗ python --version
Python 3.7.4

✗ pip --version
pip 19.1.1 from /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)

✗ brew info python
python: stable 3.7.4 (bottled), HEAD
Interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language
https://www.python.org/
/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.6.5_1 (4,795 files, 100.0MB)
  Poured from bottle on 2019-10-08 at 14:39:37
/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.4_1 (3,903 files, 60.6MB) *
  Poured from bottle on 2019-10-08 at 14:37:10
From: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/blob/master/Formula/python.rb

是的，我同时安装了3.6.5_1和3.7.4_1，因为有时可能需要在两者之间进行切换.

Yes, I have both 3.6.5_1 and 3.7.4_1 installed as I may need to switch between the two at times.

✗ brew unlink openssl
Unlinking /usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2s... 0 symlinks removed

推荐答案

ssl模块及其基础C扩展似乎是python公式的一部分:

The ssl module as well as its underlying C extension appears to be a part of the python formula:

Mac-Admin:~ admin$ python3
Python 3.7.4 (default, Sep  7 2019, 18:27:02) 
[Clang 10.0.1 (clang-1001.0.46.4)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import ssl
>>> ssl
<module 'ssl' from '/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.4_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/ssl.py'>
>>> import _ssl
>>> _ssl
<module '_ssl' from '/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.4_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/lib-dynload/_ssl.cpython-37m-darwin.so'>

因此丢失它很可能意味着brew reinstall python应该修复的软件包安装损坏.

so it being missing most probably means package installation corruption which brew reinstall python should fix.

还请注意，尽管Homebrew允许多个版本共存，但

Also note that while Homebrew allows multiple versions to coexist, its installation logic isn't quite designed to keep the alternative versions operational unless they are installed via a versioned formula (and e.g. routinely removes old versions in the regular brew cleanup).

因此，如果需要定期在Python版本之间进行切换，或考虑使用一些提供版本化公式的第三方水龙头，请考虑使用pyenv(也可以通过brew获得).

So consider using pyenv (also available via brew) if you need to routinely switch between Python versions -- or some 3rd-party tap that offers versioned formulae for it.

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