Mac OS/Library文件夹存储什么? [英] what does mac os /Library folder store?

问题描述

我是mac osx的新手.让我感到困惑的是/Library或/System/Library文件夹存储什么?顾名思义，我认为应该是Linux中的/lib或/usr/lib之类的东西.但是，事实并非如此.在它内部，它看起来更类似于应用程序捆绑包.而且所有命名都是非常特定于应用程序的，例如/Library/iChat.如果它们是特定于应用程序的，那么为什么将它们称为Library?通常将其命名为Library时，是出于代码或资源共享的目的.

I am a new to mac osx. One thing confusing me is what does /Library or /System/Library folders store? As its name meaning, I thought is should be something like /lib or /usr/lib in Linux. However, it does not. Inside it, it looks more similar to application bundles. And all naming is very application-specific, like /Library/iChat. If they are application-specific, then why they are called Library? Usually when named as Library, it is for codes or resources sharing purpose.

推荐答案

库文件夹存储设置，资源和支持文件.一共有4个(嗯，通常只有3个):

The library folders store settings, resources, and support files. There are 4 (well, normally just 3) of them:

• 用户库〜​​/Library存储每个用户的设置等.
• 本地库/Library存储计算机范围的设置等.顺便说一句，我将其称为本地"库，因为在NextStep中它是/Local/Library，但是您会看到各种其他名称. ，例如根库，计算机库，...
• 网络库/Network/Library将存储网络域中所有计算机共享的设置-如果网络域管理员设置了一个，则没人再做
• 系统库/System/Library存储OS X附带的基本设置，资源等.从理论上讲，您不应在此处进行任何更改.

现在，关于各种库文件夹中的文件:它们大多数按类型组织(例如，有一个Preferences文件夹，一个Caches文件夹，一个Application Support文件夹等)，每个应用程序(或系统组件)具有文件/子文件夹， 管他呢).某些资源类型可用于许多或所有程序(例如，字体，钥匙串，服务)，因此那里只有一堆文件.但是，有些程序(大多数是Apple编写的程序)过于自负，以至于认为它们在库中需要自己的顶层文件夹，因此可以继续创建并在其中存储内容.

Now, as for the files inside the various library folders: Most of them are organized by type (e.g. there's a Preferences folder, a Caches folder, an Application Support folder, etc) with files/subfolders per application (or system component, or whatever). Some resource types are available to many or all programs (e.g. Fonts, Keychains, Services), so there's just a bunch of files there. However, some programs (mostly Apple-authored ones) are, um, egotistical enough to think they need their own top-level folder inside the library, so they go ahead and create one and store things in it.

至于图书馆"这个名字，我不会读太多.从本质上讲，这是一个存储程序需要处理的内容的地方，但是用户(通常)不需要明确地知道它们.基本上，用户不需要双击或使用打开/保存对话框进行访问的内容.运行Mail.app时，无需告诉它使用〜/Library/Preferences/com.apple.mail.plist中的设置，也无需告诉它使用〜/Library/Mail中的缓存邮箱内容或状态信息在〜/Library/Saved Application State/com.apple.mail.savedState中.

As for the name "Library", I wouldn't read too much into it. It's basically a place to store things that programs need to get at, but that the user doesn't (generally) need to be explicitly aware of. Basically, things that the user never needs to double-click or use an open/save dialog to access. When you run Mail.app, you don't need to tell it to use the settings in ~/Library/Preferences/com.apple.mail.plist, or the cached mailbox contents in ~/Library/Mail, or the state information in ~/Library/Saved Application State/com.apple.mail.savedState.

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