设置3D图的宽高比 [英] Setting aspect ratio of 3D plot
问题描述
我正试图从运行在海底500m x 40m部分的声纳数据绘制海底3D图像.我将Matplotlib/mplot3d与Axes3D结合使用，并且希望能够更改轴的纵横比，以使x& y轴是按比例绘制的.具有生成的数据而非实际数据的示例脚本为:
I am trying to plot a 3D image of the seafloor from the data of a sonar run over a 500m by 40m portion of the seafloor. I am using matplotlib/mplot3d with Axes3D and I want to be able to change the aspect ratio of the axes so that the x & y axis are to scale. An example script with generated data rather than the real data is:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import cm
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import numpy as np
# Create figure.
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection = '3d')
# Generate example data.
R, Y = np.meshgrid(np.arange(0, 500, 0.5), np.arange(0, 40, 0.5))
z = 0.1 * np.abs(np.sin(R/40) * np.sin(Y/6))
# Plot the data.
surf = ax.plot_surface(R, Y, z, cmap=cm.jet, linewidth=0)
fig.colorbar(surf)
# Set viewpoint.
ax.azim = -160
ax.elev = 30
# Label axes.
ax.set_xlabel('Along track (m)')
ax.set_ylabel('Range (m)')
ax.set_zlabel('Height (m)')
# Save image.
fig.savefig('data.png')
以及此脚本的输出图像:
And the output image from this script:
现在，我想对其进行更改，以使沿轨迹(x)轴的1米与范围(y)轴的1米相同(或者可能因涉及的相对大小而不同).我还想设置z轴的比例，由于数据的相对大小，也不必将其设置为1:1，但是该轴小于当前图.
Now I would like to change it so that 1 metre in the along-track (x) axis is the same as 1 metre in the range (y) axis (or maybe a different ratio depending on the relative sizes involved). I would also like to set the ratio of the z-axis, again not neccessarily to 1:1 due to the relative sizes in the data, but so the axis is smaller than the current plot.
我已按照示例尝试构建并使用此matplotlib分支 邮件列表中的消息中的脚本，但添加ax.pbaspect = [1.0, 1.0, 0.25]行到我的脚本(已卸载matplotlib的标准"版本以确保正在使用自定义版本)对生成的图像没有任何影响.
I have tried building and using this branch of matplotlib, following the example script in this message from the mailing list, but adding the ax.pbaspect = [1.0, 1.0, 0.25] line to my script (having uninstalled the 'standard' version of matplotlib to ensure the custom version was being used) didn't make any difference in the generated image.
编辑:因此所需的输出将类似于以下图像(使用Inkscape进行了详细编辑).在这种情况下，我没有在x/y轴上设置1:1的比例，因为它看起来太稀薄了，但是我将其散开了，因此与原始输出不一样.
So the desired output would be something like the following (crudely edited with Inkscape) image. In this case I haven't set a 1:1 ratio on the x/y axes because that looks ridiculously thin, but I have spread it out so it isn't square as on the original output.
推荐答案
在savefig之前添加以下代码:
Add following code before savefig:
ax.auto_scale_xyz([0, 500], [0, 500], [0, 0.15])
如果您不希望方轴:
编辑site-packages \ mpl_toolkits \ mplot3d \ axes3d.py中的get_proj函数:
edit the get_proj function inside site-packages\mpl_toolkits\mplot3d\axes3d.py:
xmin, xmax = np.divide(self.get_xlim3d(), self.pbaspect[0])
ymin, ymax = np.divide(self.get_ylim3d(), self.pbaspect[1])
zmin, zmax = np.divide(self.get_zlim3d(), self.pbaspect[2])
然后添加一行以设置pbaspect:
then add one line to set pbaspect:
ax = fig.gca(projection = '3d')
ax.pbaspect = [2.0, 0.6, 0.25]
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