md5目录树中的所有文件 [英] md5 all files in a directory tree

问题描述

我有一个目录，其结构如下:

I have a a directory with a structure like so:

.
├── Test.txt
├── Test1
│   ├── Test1.txt
│   ├── Test1_copy.txt
│   └── Test1a
│       ├── Test1a.txt
│       └── Test1a_copy.txt
└── Test2
   ├── Test2.txt
   ├── Test2_copy.txt
   └── Test2a
       ├── Test2a.txt
       └── Test2a_copy.txt

我想创建一个bash脚本，该脚本对该目录中的每个文件进行md5校验和.我希望能够在CLI中键入脚本名称，然后输入要哈希并使其正常工作的目录的路径.我敢肯定有很多方法可以做到这一点.目前，我有:

I would like to create a bash script that makes a md5 checksum of every file in this directory. I want to be able to type the script name in the CLI and then the path to the directory I want to hash and have it work. I'm sure there are many ways to accomplish this. Currently I have:

#!/bin/bash

for file in "$1" ; do 
    md5 >> "${1}__checksums.md5"
done

这只是挂起，无法正常工作.也许我应该使用查找?

This just hangs and it not working. Perhaps I should use find?

一个警告-我要哈希的目录将具有具有不同扩展名的文件，并且可能并不总是具有完全相同的树结构.我也想要在这些不同情况下也能使用的东西.

One caveat - the directories I want to hash will have files with different extensions and may not always have this exact same tree structure. I want something that will work in these different situations, as well.

推荐答案

使用md5deep

md5deep -r path/to/dir > sums.md5

使用find和md5sum

Using find and md5sum

find relative/path/to/dir -type f -exec md5sum {} + > sums.md5

请注意，当您使用md5sum -c sums.md5检查MD5的总和时，需要从生成sums.md5文件的目录下运行它.这是因为find输出相对于当前位置的路径，然后将其放入sums.md5文件.

Be aware, that when you run check on your MD5 sums with md5sum -c sums.md5, you need to run it from the same directory from which you generated sums.md5 file. This is because find outputs paths that are relative to your current location, which are then put into sums.md5 file.

如果这是一个问题，则可以使relative/path/to/dir为绝对值(例如，将$PWD/放在路径前面).这样，您可以从任何位置在上运行检查.缺点是，现在sums.md5包含绝对路径，这使其变得更大.

If this is a problem you can make relative/path/to/dir absolute (e.g. by puting $PWD/ in front of your path). This way you can run check on sums.md5 from any location. Disadvantage is, that now sums.md5 contains absolute paths, which makes it bigger.

您可以将此功能放到.bashrc文件(位于$HOME目录中):

You can put this function to your .bashrc file (located in your $HOME directory):

function md5sums {
  if [ "$#" -lt 1 ]; then
    echo -e "At least one parameter is expected\n" \
            "Usage: md5sums [OPTIONS] dir"
  else
    local OUTPUT="checksums.md5"
    local CHECK=false
    local MD5SUM_OPTIONS=""

    while [[ $# > 1 ]]; do
      local key="$1"
      case $key in
        -c|--check)
          CHECK=true
          ;;
        -o|--output)
          OUTPUT=$2
          shift
          ;;
        *)
          MD5SUM_OPTIONS="$MD5SUM_OPTIONS $1"
          ;;
      esac
      shift
    done
    local DIR=$1 

    if [ -d "$DIR" ]; then  # if $DIR directory exists
      cd $DIR  # change to $DIR directory
      if [ "$CHECK" = true ]; then  # if -c or --check option specified
        md5sum --check $MD5SUM_OPTIONS $OUTPUT  # check MD5 sums in $OUTPUT file
      else                          # else
        find . -type f ! -name "$OUTPUT" -exec md5sum $MD5SUM_OPTIONS {} + > $OUTPUT  # Calculate MD5 sums for files in current directory and subdirectories excluding $OUTPUT file and save result in $OUTPUT file
      fi
      cd - > /dev/null  # change to previous directory
    else
      cd $DIR  # if $DIR doesn't exists, change to it to generate localized error message
    fi
  fi
}

运行source ~/.bashrc后，可以像正常命令一样使用md5sums:

After you run source ~/.bashrc, you can use md5sums like normal command:

md5sums path/to/dir

将在path/to/dir目录中生成checksums.md5文件，其中包含该目录和子目录中所有文件的MD5总和.使用:

will generate checksums.md5 file in path/to/dir directory, containing MD5 sums of all files in this directory and subdirectories. Use:

md5sums -c path/to/dir

检查path/to/dir/checksums.md5文件中的总和.

请注意，path/to/dir可以是相对的也可以是绝对的，md5sums可以正常工作.结果checksums.md5文件始终包含相对于path/to/dir的路径. 通过提供-o或--output选项，可以使用其他文件名，然后使用默认的checksums.md5.除了-c，--check，-o和--output之外的所有选项都传递给md5sum.

Note that path/to/dir can be relative or absolute, md5sums will work fine either way. Resulting checksums.md5 file always contains paths relative to path/to/dir. You can use different file name then default checksums.md5 by supplying -o or --output option. All options, other then -c, --check, -o and --output are passed to md5sum.

md5sums函数定义的前半部分负责解析选项.有关此问题的更多信息，请参见此答案.下半部分包含解释性注释.

First half of md5sums function definition is responsible for parsing options. See this answer for more information about it. Second half contains explanatory comments.

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