md5 目录树中的所有文件 [英] md5 all files in a directory tree

问题描述

我有一个结构如下的目录:

I have a a directory with a structure like so:

.
├── Test.txt
├── Test1
│   ├── Test1.txt
│   ├── Test1_copy.txt
│   └── Test1a
│       ├── Test1a.txt
│       └── Test1a_copy.txt
└── Test2
   ├── Test2.txt
   ├── Test2_copy.txt
   └── Test2a
       ├── Test2a.txt
       └── Test2a_copy.txt

我想创建一个 bash 脚本，该脚本对该目录中的每个文件进行 md5 校验和.我希望能够在 CLI 中输入脚本名称，然后输入我想要散列的目录的路径并让它工作.我相信有很多方法可以做到这一点.目前我有:

I would like to create a bash script that makes a md5 checksum of every file in this directory. I want to be able to type the script name in the CLI and then the path to the directory I want to hash and have it work. I'm sure there are many ways to accomplish this. Currently I have:

#!/bin/bash

for file in "$1" ; do 
    md5 >> "${1}__checksums.md5"
done

这只是挂起，它不工作.也许我应该使用 find?

This just hangs and it not working. Perhaps I should use find?

一个警告 - 我要散列的目录将包含具有不同扩展名的文件，并且可能并不总是具有完全相同的树结构.我也想要一些能在这些不同情况下工作的东西.

One caveat - the directories I want to hash will have files with different extensions and may not always have this exact same tree structure. I want something that will work in these different situations, as well.

推荐答案

使用md5deep

md5deep -r path/to/dir > sums.md5

使用 find 和 md5sum

find relative/path/to/dir -type f -exec md5sum {} + > sums.md5

请注意，当您使用 md5sum -c sums.md5 检查 MD5 总和时，您需要从生成 sums.md5<的同一目录中运行它/代码>文件.这是因为 find 输出相对于您当前位置的路径，然后将其放入 sums.md5 文件中.

Be aware, that when you run check on your MD5 sums with md5sum -c sums.md5, you need to run it from the same directory from which you generated sums.md5 file. This is because find outputs paths that are relative to your current location, which are then put into sums.md5 file.

如果这是一个问题，您可以使 relative/path/to/dir 绝对(例如，通过将 $PWD/ 放在路径前面).这样您就可以从任何位置对 sums.md5 运行检查.缺点是，现在 sums.md5 包含绝对路径，这让它变大了.

If this is a problem you can make relative/path/to/dir absolute (e.g. by puting $PWD/ in front of your path). This way you can run check on sums.md5 from any location. Disadvantage is, that now sums.md5 contains absolute paths, which makes it bigger.

你可以把这个函数放到你的 .bashrc 文件中(位于你的 $HOME 目录中):

You can put this function to your .bashrc file (located in your $HOME directory):

function md5sums {
  if [ "$#" -lt 1 ]; then
    echo -e "At least one parameter is expected
" 
            "Usage: md5sums [OPTIONS] dir"
  else
    local OUTPUT="checksums.md5"
    local CHECK=false
    local MD5SUM_OPTIONS=""

    while [[ $# > 1 ]]; do
      local key="$1"
      case $key in
        -c|--check)
          CHECK=true
          ;;
        -o|--output)
          OUTPUT=$2
          shift
          ;;
        *)
          MD5SUM_OPTIONS="$MD5SUM_OPTIONS $1"
          ;;
      esac
      shift
    done
    local DIR=$1 

    if [ -d "$DIR" ]; then  # if $DIR directory exists
      cd $DIR  # change to $DIR directory
      if [ "$CHECK" = true ]; then  # if -c or --check option specified
        md5sum --check $MD5SUM_OPTIONS $OUTPUT  # check MD5 sums in $OUTPUT file
      else                          # else
        find . -type f ! -name "$OUTPUT" -exec md5sum $MD5SUM_OPTIONS {} + > $OUTPUT  # Calculate MD5 sums for files in current directory and subdirectories excluding $OUTPUT file and save result in $OUTPUT file
      fi
      cd - > /dev/null  # change to previous directory
    else
      cd $DIR  # if $DIR doesn't exists, change to it to generate localized error message
    fi
  fi
}

运行source ~/.bashrc后，就可以像普通命令一样使用md5sums了:

After you run source ~/.bashrc, you can use md5sums like normal command:

md5sums path/to/dir

会在path/to/dir目录下生成checksums.md5文件，包含该目录及子目录下所有文件的MD5总和.使用:

will generate checksums.md5 file in path/to/dir directory, containing MD5 sums of all files in this directory and subdirectories. Use:

md5sums -c path/to/dir

从 path/to/dir/checksums.md5 文件中检查总和.

to check sums from path/to/dir/checksums.md5 file.

请注意，path/to/dir 可以是相对的或绝对的，md5sums 无论如何都可以正常工作.生成的 checksums.md5 文件始终包含相对于 path/to/dir 的路径.您可以通过提供 -o 或 --output 选项来使用与默认 checksums.md5 不同的文件名.除了 -c、--check、-o 和 --output 之外的所有选项都传递给 <代码>md5sum.

Note that path/to/dir can be relative or absolute, md5sums will work fine either way. Resulting checksums.md5 file always contains paths relative to path/to/dir. You can use different file name then default checksums.md5 by supplying -o or --output option. All options, other then -c, --check, -o and --output are passed to md5sum.

md5sums 函数定义的前半部分负责解析选项.有关详细信息，请参阅此答案.后半部分包含解释性评论.

First half of md5sums function definition is responsible for parsing options. See this answer for more information about it. Second half contains explanatory comments.

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