如何防止未实现方法的对象的模板生成 [英] How Can I Prevent Template Generation for Objects That Don't Implement a Method

问题描述

因此，出于示例目的，假设我有3个简单的struct，其中第二个不包含bar方法:

So for the purpose of example let's say I have 3 simple structs, the second of which doesn't contain a bar method:

struct one {
    void foo(const int);
    void bar();
};

struct two {
    void foo(const int);
};

struct three {
    void foo(const int);
    void bar();
};

然后我有一个struct，它将管理以下类型的对象:

Then I have a struct which will manage objects of these types:

struct owner {
    map<int, one> ones;
    map<int, two> twos;
    map<int, three> threes;

    template <typename T, typename Func>
    void callFunc(T& param, const Func& func) {
        func(param);
    }

    template <typename T>
    void findObject(int key, const T& func) {
        if(ones.count(key) != 0U) {
            callFunc(ones[key], func);
        } else if(twos.count(key) != 0U) {
            callFunc(twos[key], func);
        } else {
            callFunc(threes[key], func);
        }
    }

    void foo(const int key, const int param) { findObject(key, [&](auto& value) { value.foo(param); } ); }
    void bar(const int key) { findObject(key, [&](auto& value) { value.bar(); } ); }
};

当我尝试编译它时，我得到:

When I try to compile this I get:

错误:struct two没有名为bar

有没有办法解决这个问题?

Is there a way that I can work around this?

在线示例

推荐答案

首先是实用程序.一个是我们最喜欢的overload，它展示了三个C ++ 17功能，并且重载了多个函数对象的operator()，它们全部显示在两行中.

First, the utilities. One is our favorite overload that shows off three C++17 features, and overloads the operator() of several function objects, all in two lines.

template<class... Ts> struct overload : Ts... { using Ts::operator()...; };
template<class... Ts> overload(Ts...) -> overload<Ts...>;

然后接受所有后备标记类型:

Then an accepts-everything fallback tag type:

struct fallback_t { template<class T> fallback_t(T&&) {} };

现在通话本身.通过将value.bar()调用置于尾随返回类型中，然后使用后备重载对其进行重载，从而使原始通用lambda对SFINAE友好，如果实际调用该重载将具有未定义的行为(因为OP忽略[ted]任何行为的明确定义") ):

Now to the call itself. We make the original generic lambda SFINAE-friendly by putting the value.bar() call into the trailing return type, then overload it with a fallback overload that has undefined behavior if actually invoked (since OP "omit[ted] any explicit definition of behavior"):

void bar(const int key) { 
    findObject(key, overload {
          [&](auto& value) -> decltype(void(value.bar())) { value.bar(); },
          [](fallback_t){ fire_missiles_and_impregnate_cat(); }
    } ); 
}

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