模拟&和有什么不一样?存根? [英] What's the difference between a mock & stub?

问题描述

我已经阅读了有关测试中的模拟与存根的各种文章，包括马丁·福勒的存根不是存根，但仍然不了解其中的区别.

I've read various articles about mocking vs stubbing in testing, including Martin Fowler's Mocks Aren't Stubs, but still don't understand the difference.

推荐答案

存根

我相信最大的区别是您已经以预定的行为编写了一个存根.因此，您将拥有一个实现您为测试目的而伪装的依赖项的类(最有可能是抽象类或接口)，并且该方法将仅通过设置的响应被存根.他们不会做任何花哨的事情，并且您已经在测试之外为其编写了存根代码.

I believe the biggest distinction is that a stub you have already written with predetermined behavior. So you would have a class that implements the dependency (abstract class or interface most likely) you are faking for testing purposes and the methods would just be stubbed out with set responses. They would not do anything fancy and you would have already written the stubbed code for it outside of your test.

模拟

模拟是在测试过程中必须设置的期望值.模拟不是以预定的方式设置的，因此您具有在测试中执行该模拟的代码.嘲笑是在运行时确定的，因为设置期望的代码必须在它们执行任何操作之前先运行.

A mock is something that as part of your test you have to setup with your expectations. A mock is not setup in a predetermined way so you have code that does it in your test. Mocks in a way are determined at runtime since the code that sets the expectations has to run before they do anything.

存折与存根之间的差异

用模拟编写的测试通常遵循initialize -> set expectations -> exercise -> verify模式进行测试.而预写的存根将跟随initialize -> exercise -> verify.

Tests written with mocks usually follow an initialize -> set expectations -> exercise -> verify pattern to testing. While the pre-written stub would follow an initialize -> exercise -> verify.

模拟和存根之间的相似性

两者的目的都是消除测试一个类或函数的所有依赖关系，以便您的测试在尝试证明时更加专注和简单.

The purpose of both is to eliminate testing all the dependencies of a class or function so your tests are more focused and simpler in what they are trying to prove.

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