Python:什么是“导入"?更喜欢-模块还是包? [英] Python: what does "import" prefer - modules or packages?

问题描述

假设在当前目录中有一个名为somecode.py的文件和一个名为somecode的目录，其中包含一个__init__.py文件.现在，我从该目录中运行其他Python脚本，该脚本执行import somecode.将导入哪个文件-somecode.py或somecode/__init__.py?

Suppose in the current directory there is a file named somecode.py, and a directory named somecode which contains an __init__.py file. Now I run some other Python script from this directory which executes import somecode. Which file will be imported - somecode.py or somecode/__init__.py?

解决问题的顺序甚至是否有定义可靠的搜索顺序?

Is there even a defined and reliable search order in which this is resolved?

哦，有人针对这种行为参考官方文档吗? :-)

Oh, and does anyone have a reference to official documentation for this behavior? :-)

推荐答案

包将在模块之前导入.图解:

Packages will be imported before modules. Illustrated:

% tree .
.
|-- foo
|   |-- __init__.py
|   `-- __init__.pyc
`-- foo.py

foo.py:

% cat foo.py 
print 'you have imported foo.py'

foo/__init__.py:

% cat foo/__init__.py
print 'you have imported foo/__init__.py'

并通过交互式解释器:

>>> import foo
you have imported foo/__init__.py

我不知道这在哪里正式记录.

I have no idea where this is officially documented.

按评论编辑:这是在Mac OS X 10.6.7上使用Python 2.7执行的.我还在Ubuntu 10.10上使用Python 2.6.5进行了此操作，并得到了相同的结果.

Edit per comment: This was performed with Python 2.7 on Mac OS X 10.6.7. I also performed this using Python 2.6.5 on Ubuntu 10.10 and experienced the same result.

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