Django设置了存储引擎和默认字符集 [英] Django set Storage Engine & Default Charset

问题描述

从我的models.py创建表格.我不知道该怎么做两件事-

Creating my tables from my models.py. I donno how to do 2 things -

1. 我想指定MySQL以将某些表创建为InnoDB&一些作为MyISAM.我该怎么办?
2. 我还想将表DEFAULT CHARSET指定为utf8.我该怎么办?

1. I want to specify MySQL to create some of my tables as InnoDB & some as MyISAM. How do I do it?
2. Also I want to specify my tables DEFAULT CHARSET as utf8. How do I do it?

这是我运行syncdb-

...
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1

我使用Ubuntu 10.04，Django 1.2.X，MySQL 5.1.X

I use Ubuntu 10.04, Django 1.2.X, MySQL 5.1.X

更新: 我认为这些可能是MySQL的默认设置&我最终更改了my.cnf，在其中添加了default-character-set = utf8.但是没有用.

UPDATE: I thought these might be MySQL default settings & I ended up changing my.cnf where I added default-character-set = utf8. But to no use.

推荐答案

我认为您不能逐表更改存储引擎，但可以逐个数据库地更改存储引擎.当然，这意味着例如InnoDB外键约束不能应用于MyISAM表的外键.

I don't think you can change storage engines on a table-by-table basis, but you can do it on a database-by-database basis. This, of course, means that InnoDB foreign key constraints, for example, can't apply to foreign keys to MyISAM tables.

因此，您需要声明两个数据库"，它们很可能在同一服务器上:

So you need to declare two "databases", which may very well be on the same server:

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        #...
    }
    'innodb': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        #...
        'OPTIONS': { 'init_command': 'SET storage_engine=INNODB;' }
    }
}

您只需要将using('innodb')应用于InnoDB领域中的表的查询集.

And you'll just need to apply using('innodb') to querysets for tables in InnoDB land.

同样，对于UTF-8，我认为您需要在数据库级别执行此操作.我认为syncdb不会为您创建数据库，而只是为表创建数据库.无论如何，您都应该手动创建数据库，这样就可以在运行syncdb之前设置特权.您想要的数据库创建命令是:

As for UTF-8, again, I think you need to do this at the database level. I don't think syncdb creates the database for you, just the tables. You should create the database manually anyway, so you can have privileges set right before running syncdb. The database creation command you want is:

CREATE DATABASE django CHARACTER SET utf8;

---

也就是说，我通常建议人们在数据库中创建两个django用户:一个用于数据库架构工作("admin")，另一个用于其他所有事情(使用不同的密码):

---

That said, I usually recommend that people create two django users in the database: one for database schema work ("admin") and one for everything else (with different passwords):

CREATE DATABASE django CHARACTER SET utf8;
CREATE USER 'django_site'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON django.* TO django_site;
CREATE USER 'django_admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON django.* TO django_admin;
GRANT CREATE, DROP, ALTER, INDEX, LOCK TABLES ON django.* TO django_admin;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

(请注意，每个数据库都需要这样做.)

(Note that this needs to be done for each database.)

为此，您需要修改manage.py:

import sys
if len(sys.argv) >= 2 and sys.argv[1] in ["syncdb", "dbshell", "migrate"]:
    os.environ['DJANGO_ACCESS'] = "ADMIN"

然后在settings.py中，使用环境变量选择正确的设置.确保该站点(即非管理员)用户是默认用户.

Then in your settings.py, use the environment variable to pick the right settings. Make sure the site (i.e. non-admin) user is the default.

(此外，由于我的Django项目存储在Mercurial中，因此我不将数据库设置，SECRET_KEY或其他任何敏感的内容存储在settings.py中；我已settings.py从可访问的外部文件中提取所有内容仅由Django的用户和服务器管理员来完成.我将如何做"作为练习留给读者...因为我在回答其他人的问题时详细介绍了其中的一些内容，而且我懒于查找它现在.)

(Additionally, I don't store the database setup, SECRET_KEY, or anything else sensitive in settings.py because my Django project is stored in Mercurial; I have settings.py pull all that in from an external file accessible only by Django's user and the server admins. I'll leave the "how" as an exercise for the reader... because I detailed some of it in answers to others' questions, and I'm too lazy to look it up right now.)

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