Ninject.ActivationException仅在第一个Web请求上抛出(WebAPI 2，OWIN 3，Ninject 3) [英] Ninject.ActivationException thrown only on first web request (WebAPI 2, OWIN 3, Ninject 3)
问题描述
我正在尝试创建一个使用OWIN中间件Ninject Depencency Injection的准系统" Web API项目，并最终将其托管在IIS中.我已按照文章与ASP.NET Web.API2，OWIN和Ninject交朋友"中的说明进行操作:
I am attempting to create a "barebones" Web API project that uses OWIN middleware, Ninject Depencency Injection, and ultimately to be hosted in IIS. I have followed instructions found in an article, "Befriending ASP.NET Web.API2, OWIN and Ninject," here: http://www.alexzaitzev.pro/2014/11/webapi2-owin-and-ninject.html, except I used an empty Web Application Project, and did not tick the "Include Web API references and folders" when creating the project.
启动新的API并发出页面请求时，会抛出以下Ninject.ActivationException:
When I fire up the new API and make a page request, I get the following Ninject.ActivationException thrown:
Server Error in '/' Application.
Error activating HttpConfiguration
More than one matching bindings are available.
Matching bindings:
1) binding from HttpConfiguration to method
2) binding from HttpConfiguration to constant value
Activation path:
1) Request for HttpConfiguration
Suggestions:
1) Ensure that you have defined a binding for HttpConfiguration only once.
当我刷新浏览器时，此异常消失了.我真的不明白是什么导致了此异常.从我的角度来看，由于在OWIN上下文和Ninject中对WebAPI缺乏经验，所以很难知道问题出在哪里.是Ninject ...吗?在OWIN中吗?是否在WebAPI中...?
This exception goes away when I refresh my browser. I really don't understand what is causing this exception. From my point of view, being somewhat inexperienced with WebAPI in OWIN context and Ninject, it's hard to know where the problem lies. Is it with Ninject...? Is it in OWIN...? Is it in WebAPI...?
这是我的Startup.cs文件的内容:
This is the content of my Startup.cs file:
using System.Web.Http;
using LHD.API_2;
using Microsoft.Owin;
using Microsoft.Owin.Security.OAuth;
using Ninject.Web.Common.OwinHost;
using Ninject.Web.WebApi.OwinHost;
using Owin;
[assembly: OwinStartup(typeof(Startup))]
namespace LHD.API_2
{
public class Startup
{
public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
{
HttpConfiguration config = new HttpConfiguration();
// Web API configuration and services
// Configure Web API to use only bearer token authentication.
config.SuppressDefaultHostAuthentication();
config.Filters.Add(new HostAuthenticationFilter(OAuthDefaults.AuthenticationType));
// Web API routes
config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes();
config.Routes.MapHttpRoute("API Default", "api/1/{controller}/{action}/{id}", new { id = RouteParameter.Optional });
app.UseNinjectMiddleware(() => NinjectConfig.CreateKernel.Value);
app.UseNinjectWebApi(config);
}
}
}
这是我的 NinjectConfig.cs 文件的内容:
using System;
using System.Reflection;
using Ninject;
namespace LHD.API_2
{
public static class NinjectConfig
{
public static Lazy<IKernel> CreateKernel = new Lazy<IKernel>(() =>
{
StandardKernel kernel = new StandardKernel();
kernel.Load(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());
RegisterServices(kernel);
return kernel;
});
private static void RegisterServices(KernelBase kernel)
{
// TODO - put in registrations here...
//kernel.Bind<IFakeService>().To<FakeService>();
}
}
}
这是我的 packages.config 的内容:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<packages>
<package id="Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi" version="5.0.0" targetFramework="net451" />
<package id="Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Client" version="5.2.3" targetFramework="net451" />
<package id="Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Core" version="5.2.3" targetFramework="net451" />
<package id="Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Owin" version="5.2.3" targetFramework="net451" />
<package id="Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.WebHost" version="5.0.0" targetFramework="net451" />
<package id="Microsoft.Owin" version="3.0.1" targetFramework="net451" />
<package id="Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb" version="3.0.1" targetFramework="net451" />
<package id="Newtonsoft.Json" version="6.0.4" targetFramework="net451" />
<package id="Ninject" version="3.2.0.0" targetFramework="net451" />
<package id="Ninject.Extensions.ContextPreservation" version="3.2.0.0" targetFramework="net451" />
<package id="Ninject.Extensions.NamedScope" version="3.2.0.0" targetFramework="net451" />
<package id="Ninject.Web.Common" version="3.2.0.0" targetFramework="net451" />
<package id="Ninject.Web.Common.OwinHost" version="3.2.3.0" targetFramework="net451" />
<package id="Ninject.Web.WebApi" version="3.2.0.0" targetFramework="net451" />
<package id="Ninject.Web.WebApi.OwinHost" version="3.2.4.0" targetFramework="net451" />
<package id="Owin" version="1.0" targetFramework="net451" />
</packages>
...，为了完整起见，我的web.config的内容也不是那么引人注目:
... and, for the sake of completeness, the content of my web.config is similarly unspectacular:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
For more information on how to configure your ASP.NET application, please visit
http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=169433
-->
<configuration>
<system.web>
<compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5.1" />
<httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5.1" />
</system.web>
<runtime>
<assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Owin" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.0.1.0" newVersion="3.0.1.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Http" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-5.2.3.0" newVersion="5.2.3.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Http.Owin" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-5.2.3.0" newVersion="5.2.3.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Net.Http.Formatting" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-5.2.3.0" newVersion="5.2.3.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
</assemblyBinding>
</runtime>
<system.webServer>
<handlers>
<remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" />
<remove name="OPTIONSVerbHandler" />
<remove name="TRACEVerbHandler" />
<add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" path="*." verb="*" type="System.Web.Handlers.TransferRequestHandler" preCondition="integratedMode,runtimeVersionv4.0" />
</handlers>
</system.webServer>
</configuration>
有人能指出我做错了什么吗?或更重要的是，我可以做些改变以使事情正常进行而不会引发异常?
Can anyone point me towards what I'm doing wrong, or more importantly, what I can change to get things working without the exception being thrown?
推荐答案
您正在使用哪个版本的 Ninject.Web.WebApi 库?看起来像2周前，已经进行了一些更改以移动一些内容.在此更改之前(v3.2.3和更早版本)，在Ninject.Web.WebApi.OwinHost.OwinWebApiModule和Ninject.Web.WebApi.WebApiModule中的2个不同模块中存在HttpConfiguration绑定.更改之后(新版本为3.2.4)，此绑定仅发生一次.
What version of the Ninject.Web.WebApi library are you using? it looks like 2 weeks ago a change was made to move some things around. before this change (v3.2.3 and earlier), HttpConfiguration bindings were present in 2 different modules in Ninject.Web.WebApi.OwinHost.OwinWebApiModule and Ninject.Web.WebApi.WebApiModule. after this change (new version is 3.2.4), this binding only happens once.
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