numpy数组列切片产生IndexError:无效的索引异常 [英] Numpy Array Column Slicing Produces IndexError: invalid index Exception
问题描述
我正在使用numpy的1.5.1版本和Python 2.6.6.
I am using version 1.5.1 of numpy and Python 2.6.6.
我正在将一个二进制文件读入numpy数组:
I am reading a binary file into a numpy array:
>>> dt = np.dtype('<u4,<i2,<i2,<i2,<i2,<i2,<i2,<i2,<i2,u1,u1,u1,u1')
>>> file_data = np.fromfile(os.path.join(folder,f), dtype=dt)
这很好用.检查结果:
>>> type(file_data)
<type 'numpy.ndarray'>
>>> file_data
array([(3571121L, -54, 103, 1, 50, 48, 469, 588, -10, 0, 102, 0, 0),
(3571122L, -78, 20, 25, 45, 44, 495, 397, -211, 0, 102, 0, 0),
(3571123L, -69, -48, 23, 60, 19, 317, -26, -151, 0, 102, 0, 0), ...,
(3691138L, -53, 52, -2, -11, 76, 988, 288, -101, 1, 102, 0, 0),
(3691139L, -11, 21, -27, 25, 47, 986, 253, 176, 1, 102, 0, 0),
(3691140L, -30, -19, -63, 59, 12, 729, 23, 302, 1, 102, 0, 0)],
dtype=[('f0', '<u4'), ('f1', '<i2'), ('f2', '<i2'), ... , ('f12', '|u1')])
>>> file_data[0]
(3571121L, -54, 103, 1, 50, 48, 469, 588, -10, 0, 102, 0, 0)
>>> file_data[0][0]
3571121
>>> len(file_data)
120020
当我尝试切片第一列时:
When I try to slice the first column:
>>> file_data[:,0]
我得到:
IndexError: invalid index.
我看了一些简单的例子,并能够进行切片:
I have looked at simple examples and was able to do the slicing:
>>> a = np.array([(1,2,3),(4,5,6)])
>>> a[:,0]
array([1, 4])
我的案例和简单示例之间的唯一区别是我正在使用dtype.我在做什么错了?
The only difference I can see between my case and the simple example is that I am using the dtype. What I am doing wrong?
推荐答案
When you set the dtype like that, you are creating a Record Array. Numpy treats that like a 1D array of elements of your dtype. There's a fundamental difference between
file_data[0][0]
和
file_data[0,0]
首先,您要查询一维数组的第一个元素,然后检索该返回元素的第一个元素.在第二个中,您要在2D数组的第一列的第一行中寻找元素.这就是为什么得到IndexError
.
In the first, you are asking for the first element of a 1D array and then retrieving the first element of that returned element. In the second, you are asking for the element in the first row of the first column of a 2D array. That's why you are getting the IndexError
.
如果要使用2D表示法访问单个元素,则可以创建视图并进行处理.不幸的是,如果您想将对象视为2D数组,则AFAIK的所有元素都必须具有相同的dtype.
If you want to access an individual element using 2D notation, you can create a view and work with that. Unfortunately, AFAIK if you want to treat your object like a 2D array, all elements have to have the same dtype.
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