什么是本体论(数据库?)? [英] What is an Ontology (Database?)?

问题描述

我只是阅读这篇文章，它提到某个组织有一个本体作为(?)他们的数据库(?)层，并且这样做的决定很糟糕.问题是我之前从未听说过，所以我不明白为什么它很糟糕.

I was just reading this article and it mentions that some organization had an Ontology as(?) their database(?) layer, and that the decision to do this was bad. Problem is I hadn't heard about this before, so I can't understand why it's bad.

因此，我尝试使用Google搜索来搜索数据库和本体，并从2006年发布了许多pdf文件，其中充满了令人费解的内容(对我而言).我阅读了其中的一些内容，但到目前为止，他们仍然完全不知道他们在说什么.

So I tried googling about databases and ontology, and came about quite a few pdfs from 2006 that we're full of incomprehensible content (for my mind). I read a few of these and at this point still have absolutely no idea what they are talking about.

我目前的印象是，一些学者试图向我们兜售是2006年某种疯狂的时尚，但由于他们的想法措辞而惨败.但是我仍然很好奇是否有人真的知道这到底是怎么回事.

My current impression is that it was some crazy fad of 2006 that some academics were trying to sell us, but failed miserably due to the wording of their ideas. But I'm still curious if anyone actually knows what this is actually all about.

推荐答案

Karussell已经提供了维基百科的定义:

Karussell already provided the wikipedia definition:

内含一系列概念的知识 域和之间的关系 这些概念".

"a formal representation of the knowledge by a set of concepts within a domain and the relationships between those concepts".

为了实现这种表示，已经开发了几种语言.当前最受关注的一种可能是 Web本体语言(OWL).

In order to implement such a representation, several languages have been developed. The one that currently gets the most attention is probably the Web Ontology Language (OWL).

在传统的关系数据库中，可以使用表来存储概念，但是系统不包含有关这些概念的含义以及它们之间的关系的任何信息.本体 do 提供了存储此类信息的方法，这为存储信息提供了更为丰富的方法.这也意味着人们可以构建相当高级和智能的查询.为此，专门开发了诸如 SPARQL 之类的查询语言.

In a traditional relational database, concepts can be stored using tables, but the system does not contain any information about what the concepts mean and how they relate to each other. Ontologies do provide the means to store such information, which allows for a much richer way to store information. This also means that one can construct fairly advanced and intelligent queries. Query languages such as SPARQL have been developed specifically for this purpose.

对于我的硕士论文，我曾从事OWL本体论研究，但这是相当学术研究的一部分.我不知道目前是否真的在实践中使用了任何一种技术，但是我敢肯定有潜力.

For my masters thesis, I have worked with OWL ontologies, but this was as part of a fairly academic research. I don't know if any of this technology is currently used in practice very much, but I'm sure the potential is there.

关于本体的含义"和推理的示例:说您在本体中定义一个类Pizza和一个类Vegetarian Pizza，这是一个不包含属于该类的Ingredients的Pizza类别Meat.如果您现在创建一个Pizza的实例，而该实例恰好没有任何肉食成分，则系统会自动推断您的比萨也是Vegetarian Pizza，即使您未明确指定它也是如此.

An example of 'meaning' and reasoning over the ontologies: say you define in your ontology a class Pizza, and a class Vegetarian Pizza, which is a Pizza that has no Ingredients that belong to the class Meat. If you now create some instance of a Pizza that just happens not to have any meat ingredients, the system can automatically infer that your pizza is also a Vegetarian Pizza, even if you did not explicitly specify it.

这篇关于什么是本体论(数据库?)?的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！