使用python运行Windows Shell命令 [英] Running windows shell commands with python

问题描述

我们如何使用Python与OS Shell进行交互? 我想通过python运行Windows cmd命令.如何实现?

How can we interact with OS shell using Python ? I want to run windows cmd commands via python. How can it be achieved ?

推荐答案

应该使用较新的subprocess.check_output和类似命令替换os.system.有关详细信息，请参见此页面.虽然我无法在Windows上进行测试(因为我无权访问任何Windows计算机)，但以下方法应该可以工作:

The newer subprocess.check_output and similar commands are supposed to replace os.system. See this page for details. While I can't test this on Windows (because I don't have access to any Windows machines), the following should work:

from subprocess import check_output
check_output("dir C:", shell=True)

check_output返回命令的输出字符串.另外，subprocess.call仅运行命令并返回命令状态(如果一切正常，通常为0).

check_output returns a string of the output from your command. Alternatively, subprocess.call just runs the command and returns the status of the command (usually 0 if everything is okay).

还请注意，在python 3中，该字符串输出现在为bytes输出.如果要将其更改为字符串，则需要类似

Also note that, in python 3, that string output is now bytes output. If you want to change this into a string, you need something like

from subprocess import check_output
check_output("dir C:", shell=True).decode()

如有必要，您可以告诉它对程序输出进行编码.默认值为utf-8，通常可以正常使用，但其他标准选项为这里.

If necessary, you can tell it the kind of encoding your program outputs. The default is utf-8, which typically works fine, but other standard options are here.

还请注意，@ bluescorpion在注释中表示Windows 10需要尾随反斜杠，如check_output("dir C:\\", shell=True)所示.需要双反斜杠，因为\是python中的特殊字符，因此必须为转义了. (还要注意，如果\是字符串的最后一个字符，即使给字符串加上r前缀也无济于事-r"dir C:\"是语法错误，但r"dir C:\ "不是).

Also note that @bluescorpion says in the comments that Windows 10 needs a trailing backslash, as in check_output("dir C:\\", shell=True). The double backslash is needed because \ is a special character in python, so it has to be escaped. (Also note that even prefixing the string with r doesn't help if \ is the very last character of the string — r"dir C:\" is a syntax error, though r"dir C:\ " is not.)

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