使用 python 运行 windows shell 命令 [英] Running windows shell commands with python

问题描述

我们如何使用 Python 与 OS shell 交互?我想通过 python 运行 windows cmd 命令.怎样才能实现?

How can we interact with OS shell using Python ? I want to run windows cmd commands via python. How can it be achieved ?

推荐答案

较新的 subprocess.check_output 和类似的命令应该替换 os.system.有关详细信息，请参阅此页面.虽然我无法在 Windows 上对此进行测试(因为我无法访问任何 Windows 机器)，但以下应该可以工作:

The newer subprocess.check_output and similar commands are supposed to replace os.system. See this page for details. While I can't test this on Windows (because I don't have access to any Windows machines), the following should work:

from subprocess import check_output
check_output("dir C:", shell=True)

check_output 返回命令的输出字符串.或者，subprocess.call 只运行命令并返回命令的状态(如果一切正常，通常为 0).

check_output returns a string of the output from your command. Alternatively, subprocess.call just runs the command and returns the status of the command (usually 0 if everything is okay).

还要注意，在 python 3 中，字符串输出现在是 bytes 输出.如果你想把它改成一个字符串，你需要像

Also note that, in python 3, that string output is now bytes output. If you want to change this into a string, you need something like

from subprocess import check_output
check_output("dir C:", shell=True).decode()

如有必要，你可以告诉它编码您的程序输出.默认值为 utf-8，通常可以正常工作，但其他标准选项是 这里.

If necessary, you can tell it the kind of encoding your program outputs. The default is utf-8, which typically works fine, but other standard options are here.

另请注意，@bluescorpion 在评论中说 Windows 10 需要尾随反斜杠，如 check_output("dir C:\", shell=True).需要双反斜杠，因为 在 python 中是一个特殊字符，所以它必须是 转义.(另请注意，如果 是字符串的最后一个字符 - r"dir C:" 是语法错误，但 r"dir C: " 不是.)

Also note that @bluescorpion says in the comments that Windows 10 needs a trailing backslash, as in check_output("dir C:\", shell=True). The double backslash is needed because is a special character in python, so it has to be escaped. (Also note that even prefixing the string with r doesn't help if is the very last character of the string — r"dir C:" is a syntax error, though r"dir C: " is not.)

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