用户和内核模式在操作系统中有什么区别? [英] What is the difference between user and kernel modes in operating systems?

问题描述

用户模式"和内核模式"之间有什么区别?为什么以及如何激活它们中的任何一个?它们的用例是什么?

What are the differences between User Mode and Kernel Mode, why and how do you activate either of them, and what are their use cases?

推荐答案

1. 内核模式

1. Kernel Mode

在内核模式下，执行代码完整且不受限制 访问底层硬件.它 可以执行任何CPU指令，并且 引用任何内存地址.核心 模式通常为 最低级别，最受信任的功能 操作系统.崩溃 内核模式是灾难性的；他们 将停止整个PC.

In Kernel mode, the executing code has complete and unrestricted access to the underlying hardware. It can execute any CPU instruction and reference any memory address. Kernel mode is generally reserved for the lowest-level, most trusted functions of the operating system. Crashes in kernel mode are catastrophic; they will halt the entire PC.

用户模式

在用户模式下，执行代码无法直接访问 硬件或参考存储器.代码 在用户模式下运行必须委托给 系统API来访问硬件或 记忆.由于提供了保护 通过这种隔离，当机 用户模式始终是可恢复的.最多 在计算机上运行的代码 将在用户模式下执行.

In User mode, the executing code has no ability to directly access hardware or reference memory. Code running in user mode must delegate to system APIs to access hardware or memory. Due to the protection afforded by this sort of isolation, crashes in user mode are always recoverable. Most of the code running on your computer will execute in user mode.

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