Windows上Python的os.listdir行为 [英] Python's os.listdir behaviour on Windows

问题描述

>>> import os
>>> os.chdir('c:/python27')
>>> os.listdir('c:')
['Tools', 'include', 'python.exe', 'libs', 'DLLs', 'Lib', 'NEWS.txt',
'w9xpopen.exe', 'Doc', 'pythonw.exe', 'LICENSE.txt', 'README.txt', 'tcl']
>>> os.listdir('c:/')
['users', 'Program Files', 'Python27', 'windows']

"c:"后面的"/"为什么会影响结果?有没有办法让os.listdir('c:')返回"c:/"的内容?

Why is the "/" after "c:" affecting the outcome? Is there a way to get os.listdir('c:') to return the contents of "c:/"?

推荐答案

这并非特定于Python，而是Windows的核心问题.

This is not specific to Python, it's a Windows question at heart.

在Windows中，C:和C:\(或C:/)具有完全不同的含义:

In Windows C: and C:\ (or, alternatively C:/) have quite different meanings:

• C:引用驱动器C:
上的当前目录
• C:\(和C:/)引用驱动器C:
的根目录

• C: refers to the current directory on the drive C:
• C:\ (and C:/) refers to the root directory of the drive C:

虽然类似UNIX的操作系统仅具有一个当前目录"，但Windows具有两个独立的概念:

While UNIX-like operating systems simply have a "current directory", Windows has two separate notions:

• 当前驱动器和
• 每个驱动器的当前目录

因此，当前驱动器可能是D:，C:上的当前目录可以是\Windows(有效地C:\Windows)，而D:上的当前目录可以是\Data(有效地D:\Data) .在这种情况下，解析将像这样工作:

So the current drive could be D:, the current directory on C: could be \Windows (effectively C:\Windows) and the current directory on D: could be \Data (effectively D:\Data). In this scenario resolution would work like this:

• .指的是D:\Data
• \指的是D:\
• C:指的是C:\Windows
• C:\Foo将引用C:\Foo

• . would refer to D:\Data
• \ would refer to D:\
• C: would refer to C:\Windows
• C:\Foo would refer to C:\Foo

因此，如果要获取有关特定目录的信息，则应始终使用 full 路径包括驱动器和目录，例如C:\.

So if you want to have information about a specific directory, you should always use a full path including both a drive and a directory, such as C:\.

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