pip在MacOS上由于证书过期而失败，并显示SSLError-如何恢复? [英] pip fails with SSLError on MacOS because of outdated certificate - how to recover?

问题描述

在MacOS(10.11.6)上使用pip搜索或安装软件包时，出现与以下复制的SSL错误类似的SSL错误.

When searching or installing packages with pip on MacOS (10.11.6), I am getting an SSL error similar to the one reproduced below.

python2和python3均出现问题.我通过 www.python.org 作为框架获得了这些版本(2.7.14和3.6.5).点的版本是9.0.1.该问题是新问题(2018年4月)，似乎与OSX的更新有关.

The problem occurs for both python2 and python3. I acquired the versions (2.7.14 and 3.6.5) via www.python.org as Frameworks. The version of pip was 9.0.1. The problem is new (April 2018) and seems related to an update of OSX.

如何从此问题中恢复?

$ pip2 search numpy

Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/commands/search.py", line 45, in run
    pypi_hits = self.search(query, options)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/commands/search.py", line 62, in search
    hits = pypi.search({'name': query, 'summary': query}, 'or')
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1243, in __call__
    return self.__send(self.__name, args)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1602, in __request
    verbose=self.__verbose
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/download.py", line 775, in request
    headers=headers, stream=True)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py", line 522, in post
    return self.request('POST', url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/download.py", line 386, in request
    return super(PipSession, self).request(method, url, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py", line 475, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py", line 596, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/adapter.py", line 47, in send
    resp = super(CacheControlAdapter, self).send(request, **kw)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/adapters.py", line 497, in send
    raise SSLError(e, request=request)
SSLError: [SSL: TLSV1_ALERT_PROTOCOL_VERSION] tlsv1 alert protocol version (_ssl.c:661)

推荐答案

有两种方法可以解决此问题.

There are two ways to recover from this problem.

解决方案1 ​​.可以阅读

Solution 1. As can be read here, Python.org sites stopped the support for older TLS versions, which breaks pip < 9.0.3. A new release of pip was provided, but because one cannot simply update via the broken pip, one has to bootstrap the installation. This worked for me:

# For python2
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python2
# For python3 (haven't tested this myself)
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3

这些命令的积分可回溯至这篇SO帖子.

Credits for these commands go back to this SO post.

解决方案2 .对于Python 3.6框架，将脚本Install Certificates.command部署并安装在/Applications/Python 3.6/下.执行它可以解决问题，但仅适用于pip3.

Solution 2. For Python 3.6 frameworks, a script Install Certificates.command is deployed and installed under /Applications/Python 3.6/. Executing it resolved the problem, but only for pip3.

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