分组和切换列和行 [英] grouping and switching the columns and rows

问题描述

我不知道这是否正式被称为支点，但是我想要的结果是:

I don't know if this would officially be called a pivot, but the result that I would like is this:

+------+---------+------+
| Alex | Charley | Liza |
+------+---------+------+
|  213 |     345 |    1 |
|   23 |     111 |    5 |
|   42 |      52 |    2 |
|  323 |         |    5 |
|   23 |         |    1 |
|  324 |         |    5 |
+------+---------+------+

我的输入数据采用以下格式:

my input data is in this form:

+-----+---------+
| Apt |  Name   |
+-----+---------+
| 213 | Alex    |
|  23 | Alex    |
|  42 | Alex    |
| 323 | Alex    |
|  23 | Alex    |
| 324 | Alex    |
| 345 | Charley |
| 111 | Charley |
|  52 | Charley |
|   1 | Liza    |
|   5 | Liza    |
|   2 | Liza    |
|   5 | Liza    |
|   1 | Liza    |
|   5 | Liza    |
+-----+---------+

因为我大约有100个名字，所以我不想像这样子做大量的子查询

because I have approximately 100 names, I don't want to have to do a ton of sub queries lik this

select null, null, thirdcolumn from...
select null, seconcolumn from...
select firstcolumn from...

是否可以通过PIVOT或其他方式执行此操作?

Is there a way to do this with PIVOT or otherwise?

推荐答案

您可以使用动态PIVOT和ROW_NUMBER()函数来做到这一点:

You can do this with dynamic PIVOT and the ROW_NUMBER() function:

DECLARE @cols AS VARCHAR(1000),
        @query  AS VARCHAR(8000)
SELECT @cols = STUFF((SELECT ',' +   QUOTENAME(Name) 
                    FROM (SELECT DISTINCT Name
                          FROM #test
                          )sub
                    ORDER BY Name
                    FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE).value('.', 'VARCHAR(MAX)') 
                    ,1,1,'')
PRINT @cols

SET @query = '
WITH cte AS (SELECT DISTINCT *
             FROM  #test)
    ,cte2 AS (SELECT *,ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY Name ORDER BY Apt)RowRank
             FROM  cte)
SELECT * 
FROM  cte2 
PIVOT (max(Apt) for Name in ('+@cols+')) p
            '
EXEC (@query)

SQL提琴-不同的列表，特定顺序

如果您不希望列表是不同的，请删除上面的第一个cte，如果您想保持任意顺序，请将ORDER BY更改为(SELECT 1):

If you don't want the list to be distinct, eliminate the first cte above, and if you want to keep arbitrary ordering change the ORDER BY to (SELECT 1):

DECLARE @cols AS VARCHAR(1000),
        @query  AS VARCHAR(8000)
SELECT @cols = STUFF((SELECT ',' +   QUOTENAME(Name) 
                    FROM (SELECT DISTINCT Name
                          FROM #test
                          )sub
                          ORDER BY Name
                    FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE).value('.', 'VARCHAR(MAX)') 
                    ,1,1,'')
PRINT @cols

SET @query = '
WITH cte AS (SELECT *,ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY Name ORDER BY (SELECT 1))RowRank
             FROM  #test)
SELECT * 
FROM  cte 
PIVOT (max(Apt) for Name in ('+@cols+')) p
            '
EXEC (@query)

SQL提琴-完整列表，任意顺序

最后，如果您不想在结果中使用RowRank字段，只需在SELECT中重新使用@cols变量:

And finally, if you didn't want the RowRank field in your results, just re-use the @cols variable in your SELECT:

SET @query = '
WITH cte AS (SELECT *,ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY Name ORDER BY (SELECT 1))RowRank
             FROM  #test)
SELECT '+@cols+' 
FROM  cte 
PIVOT (max(Apt) for Name in ('+@cols+')) p
            '
EXEC (@query)

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